The World Heritage List In Africa Tourism Essay

The public Heritage List In Africa Tourism evidence1. IntroductionThe following part of the report provide give a general introduction to the lay which has been chosen to be added to the list of military personnel Heritage rates, viz. being The Maasai mara issue defy. Furthermore the realm and the region will be described followed by arguments why especially this site was chosen and further on naming all the criteria of the World Heritage Committee which the site meets. In addition a telegraphic analysis will be carried out using the Fermata method. This method will help to record all the resources the site has to offer in allege to develop a strategy on how to develop touristry indoors this bea. At the end the out deal of this chapters research will be summarized in a short conclusion.General Information on The Maasai mara National sustainThe Maasai mara National prevail is to a fault known as the Mara. Historically, Maasai Mara obtained its name from the native pe ople of Kenya the Maasai tribe who lived a long the Mara River. However, the hold back is only a portion of the Greater Mara Ecosystem, which implicates a group ranches for illustration koiyaki, lemeki ,Ol chorro Saina Maji moto Naakara Ol derkesi and Kiminet. The hold back is topography of open savannah grassland in the middle of clusters and acacia trees along the south-eastern area of the approximate range. The reserve covers an area of 1,510 square kilometres in the south-western Kenya. In the Federal part, the reserve is mainly covered with Mara-Serengeti ecosystem this covers 25,000 square kilometres between Tanzania and Kenya and in the south It is bounded by the Serengeti jet.ClimateThe Maasai Mara reserve is hardened at an altitude between 4,875 and 7,052 feet above sea level large(p) it a humid humor with moderate temperature. Daytime temperatures run at 85F (30C) and night temperatures drop to near 60F (15C). The rain falls between demo and May and shortly in November and December. Between July and October the weather is dry hence the vegetation is in wide thus touristry get more active in July and October to guarantee the parks furiouslife.TourismAccording to www.maasaimara.com, The Maasai Mara type of tourism is ecotourism. The ecosystem holds wholeness and only(a) of the highest lion densities in world with over two million Wildebeest, Zebra and Thomsons Gazelle that transmigrate annually. This action is known as Natures passion play It occurs between the calendar month of July and august. additionally the Mara reserve is also home to the largest concentration of wildlife. These include the Big Five (Leopards elephants lions rhinos and buffalo) zebras, antelope, gnus, Oribis, hyenas, giraffes, warthogs, gazelles, hartebeests, hippos, crocodiles to mention a few.The Maasai finishing is precisely a nonher(prenominal) major attraction, because of their authentic enculturation thats why it is recognised as one of the best-know n tribes in world for their bright colored c split uphes and handed-down dances, souvenirs, art and collectibles that explain their unique tradition. notwithstanding Bird watching is yet another source of tourism. The Maasai Mara boasts over 400 different birds species. and so it attracts bird lover.Arguments for the siteIn the following, the choice of the Maasai Mara Natural constraint as a potential future World Heritage Site will be justified with the help of UNESCO criteria. The Maasai Mara Reserve is most(prenominal) famous for its unique wildebeest migration which give the gatenot be ensnare anywhere else on planet earth. The occurrence of the plentiful(p) five as hearty as the wintering line for many endangered species urgencyons the reserve an primal area that has to be protected in the future. Below three criteria will be mentioned which target be referred to the Maasai Mara ReserveCriteria V to be an outstanding example of a traditional human enclothetlemen t, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become undefendable under the impact of irreversible change.This criterion thunder mug be connect to the Maasai community living in peace and symmetry with the wildlife since a long time. The Maasai community used the land for many years while they unploughed in mind to conserve the predominant wildlife in a responsible for(p) way.Criteria VII To contain superlative essential phenomena or areas of exceptional subjective beauty and aesthetic importance.With its annual wildebeest migration from the Serengeti to the Maasai Mara Reserve the site fulfills the criterion of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance since on that point is no comparable natural phenomenon worldwide. Further on, the Maasai Mara National Reserve is equipped with beautiful savanna grasslands and plenty different herbivores and bird species. Moreover, the big 5 tin can be found within the reserve what is also very unique.Criteria X to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal evaluate from the point of view of science or conservation.Since the reserve is an important wintering spot for many different species the criterion of significant in-situ conservation is warranted definitely. also the occurrence of carnivores such as the lions or the cheetahs are very important for the reserve because they are listed as threatened. Furthermore, they keep the balance of prey metrical composition what is crucial for the ecosystem.Analysis using the Fermata methodIn order to come up with a good strategy on how to develop tourism within the Mara region, it is of great importance to know what resources are already available at this moment. on that pointfore the FERMATA method has been chosen, providing four different tables, namely inherent and extrinsic value, modifiers and waypoints. These tables categorize everything that can be found in and nigh the site and can serve tourism purposes.Intrinsic determineDescribing a world heritage site means defining intrinsic and extrinsic values of the site. Intrinsic values are those which originate at the resource itself. Hence, intrinsic values are of natural character. These intrinsic values are for instance Scale, integrity and aesthetic of the beautify as easy as diversity, specialty, conspicuousness, appeal, scope and dynamics of resources.In terms of the description of the landscape, the Massai Mara Reserve is characterized by the Mara-River which divides the Reserve into two parts. Further on, the variety in altitudinal range between 200 and 1000 meter makes the Massai Mara a diverse area for all different kinds of birds and flora. With a come in scope of 1,510 square kilometers the reserve provides habitat for 1,300,000 wildebees t, 360,000 gazelles and 191,000 zebras. Additionally, many carnivores as rise as more than 600 bird species can be found in and around the reserve. In terms of human intervention, the reserve is managed by the Narok County Council and the Transmara County Council who set up several rules and regulations concerning behavior within the Massai Mara Reserve. Moreover, the Massai Community lost much of their land because it became a protected area of the reserve. Furthermore, many farms certain in the northern part of the reserve referable to its fertile land. Referred to tourism some 45 tented camps are distributed all over the reserve which arouses a lot of damaging actions such as high water using up or dry-season grass fires caused by tourists. (Appendix evade 1)Going further, it is important to pip the resources into consideration. Due to its river, the grassland and the evergreen Amazonian forests the Massai Mara Reserve offers a diverse landscape. However, the landscape its elf cannot be considered as very special but the migration of the herbivores that grants the reserve a general impression of outstanding beauty. As already mentioned before, the wildebeest migration can be seen as the pull factor of the site since tourists travel around the world to see this unique natural phenomenon. Although this spectacle can be seen as the main attraction of the reserve many tourists come as puff up to observe the more than 600 different bird species whereof plenty are listed as endangered. Finally, the Mara River is the only dynamic resource which can be found at the reserve since the rest mainly consists of grasslands and savannah. Situated in Kenya, the climate can be defined as tropical with long rainfalls from April to June. (Appendix Table 2)Extrinsic valuesGenerally give tongue to extrinsic values can be seen as additional features in the natural site, which also make people come to visit the place apart from the fact that they want to enjoy the outstan ding natural resource. These features are made by homo and according to FERMATA Inc. (2002) they can be divided up into the following categories Social, Cultural, Historical, unpaid and stinting. For a brief description see the appendix XYZ ITo do this analysis of the extrinsic values to the Maasai Mara Reserve, it can be say that the reserve gives home to the Maasai people. It is estimated that around 500,000 Maasai live in that area, but due to their fear of governmental intervention into their lifestyle, miscounts often occur. The Maasai belong to those tribes that choose not changed a lot in their original culture, rituals and practices regardless of the modern worlds influences they are exposed to. Additionally it should be mentioned that they are mainly in self-possession of the land and deal with its management, however, lately they have lost a lot of land to parks and reserves, which prohibit them from accessing important sources of water, pastureland and spots where coarseness can be found. (Masaai Association, 2010) From a cultural point of view the villages of the antecedently mentioned Maasai tribe can be seen as an attracting attribute, for example due to their houses solemnly built from natural resources or their very simple lifestyle which is absolutely adjusted to their natural environment. Regarding the historical values one will have difficulties finding any in the Maasai Mara reserve, because the Maasai tribes live a nomadic life moving within the reserve work outing on the season and so certain monuments or special places are not part of their culture. alone their requirements for ceremonies and rituals are based on what they can find in nature. (Maasai Association, 2010) Concerning volunteer(a) values one can find three different lodges and around thirty campsites to spend the night there. Moreover these lodges or camps offer a number of safaris including jeeped safaris, wallow safaris, horse riding safaris and walking safari s accompanied by a Maasai. (ORD Group, 2010) Finally the economic values of the Maasai Mara National Reserve are that it attracts a lot of tourists and as the number of indwellers is constantly increasing, but the number of livestock is decreasing in the same time, people depend more and more on other sources for nourishment. Therefore in the northern part of the area they have started to erect extensive fields to mother e.g. soya beans, wheat or sorghum. (UNESCO, 2010)Modifiers, constraints, limits, qualifying factorsModifiers These are constraints that kibosh tourism development at the Maasai Mara ReserveEcological The damage in term of ecology is high, this is due to fact that Maasai Mara is not a national park but rather a national reserve hence it is not managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service. Its welfare is entrusted in the hands of Narok County Council and the Mara Conservancy who attain generate from the Trans Mara County Council. According to Dublin (1991) the lack of pr oper management leads to poaching, demolition of habitat by constant uncontrolled bush fires and exceptionally bowed down(p) influx of elephants hence to a decline in number of animals. Moreover over development of hotels, camps and loges outside the gate of the reserve is growing on a high rate.A summary of the ecological constrains according to Charles Ndegwa Mundia, Yuji Murayama ( 2009) can be found in the appendix XYZ-II.Physical Tracks are established, balloon and helicopters in order to reach the natural and cultural heritages. Visiting the reserve is possible throughout the years. High season is from January to March this is when it is heavily overcrowded by people because it is dry and warm. Also in June and September it is overcrowded because this is the time when wild beasts migrate.Health and Safety Masai Mara Reserve is fairly a true(p) place, however, it is recommended not to get out of track. Concerning the health issues, the Maasai Mara National Reserve lies in a malaria region which foresees to take anti malaria precautions, wearing long-sleeved uniform after dark and keeping insect repellent. The water is safe and there is big hospital in Nairobi 100km east of the park in grimace of an emergency. Feeding animals is not allowed since it might induce danger of boldness and raise aberrant behaviour which might be harmful for the visitors.Regulatory There are many rules and regulations mainly for conservation and visitors safety and faller to apply there is a penalty in form of paying a certain amount of money. According to Matt J. Walpole (2003) In the Mara triplicity not more than five vehicles is allowed around an animal because it disturb the harmony of animals. Secondly Human habitation is forbidden in the National Park only staffs are allowed. Thirdly driving off the road is not allowed. Also Visitors are only allowed on the roads from 0600 to 1900. Additionally people are urged to keep the environment clean putting cast away at the ir accommodation not at site. Respect the culture of the topical anesthetic people and lastly no animal feeding by visitors because it dangerous.Economic the fee to reach the reserve and cultural resources is moderate since the Kenyan gold value is low, except for the accommodation and guided tours depending on if you sleeping in camp or luxurious hotel. The transit to the park as well as entering the park certain fee is obligated. Adult inhabitant costs 500 Kshs children inhabitant costs 200 Kshs, adult non local 30 US dollars and children non local 10 US dollars.Time The reserve can be accessed from Nairobi airport, its about 270km that is six hours by car but it can shorter by helicopter. The more suitable time is in June and September when wildlife migration take place Moreover the high season is from January to March when it is warm and dry. In October December are rainy seasons however it doesnt hinder game viewingTo conclude the above constrains, it can be said that Mar a reserve is facing a lot of challenges mainly regarding the ecology. except they have implemented rules to protect both the animals and the people although the rules are not 100% acted upon because the government left the reserve in the hands of closed-door ownership. However there is evidence that the site has abundant nature and culture sites, unique species and rear landscape hence these fit in UNESCO criteria.Waypoints Gateways, Portals, IconsME final resultMe