International Business And Multinational Corporations

The end of the 1980s experienced a visible change experienced in the literature concerning MNE functions and nature of business (Segal-Horn and Faulkner, 2010). Before 1980s, the main research in MNE field was about analyzing relation between affiliates and headquarters of the firm, and also decisions concerning making investment in foreign country, which was also experienced in Dunning’s work. After that, the focus was shifted to operations concerning coordination in management of a network of affiliates of an MNE and analysis of the competitive advantages received by these affiliates from the respective economies. Therefore, the last 20 years have experienced a very beneficial theoretical work in the field of international business and†¦show more content†¦Their main aim is to maximize the competitive advantage for the particular MNE through integration of global activities and local differences within each foreign unit. In the modern perspective, two main theories, i.e. network-based theory and knowledge-based theory of MNE, are prevalent, which are explained hereunder (Forsgren, 2008). The most importance sources of competitive advantage for MNEs are their affiliates. This is because affiliates establish a deep-rooted and long-term connection with their local partners and through this new knowledge information can be established. Such knowledge is implicit and is inserted in a particular context. Inserted or embedded knowledge itself is implicit and is also specific to a context (Pedersen, 2014). It is also entrenched in the inter-dependent activities of the employees and staff members who observe shared experiences as well as values. These traits cause more complexity and confusions in terms of barriers for transferability of such knowledge (Stephan, 2013). This affiliate embeddedness in relation with stakeholders within the business network actually opposes business contact made traditionally, in which firm used to make connections with only consumers and suppliers and relation used to end with the exchange (Lundan, 2002). Similarly, some of these relationships w ith affiliates are established gradually with the passage of time and thus higher level of

The Enlightenment Ideas Of The American Revolution

William Win Soe World Studies 10 Mr. Key Nov 8. 2017 The Enlightenment’s ideas in the American Revolution People in America were mad and broke. The colonies did not like the idea of paying high taxes to the King of England. In order to show their rage and anger, they did it by not paying taxes. The King of England was frustrated by the colonist s action and send an army to the Americas to sort this problem out. However, the people of America wanted to be free from England, so with the help of the Enlightenment thinkers and the philosophers, they started an attack to the English soldiers. That is how the war with England began and it is known as the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was influenced by the ideas which was†¦show more content†¦It was a great time for the scholars and philosophers to introduce democracy and justice through deliberations of liberty and equality. One of the most well-known philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, is known for his political thoughts. He is a kind of a guy that thinks about how peop le could actually live their life ignoring the conflicts happening around them. He believes that people have their own right to do whatever they desire by not what they are told to do. He also believes that a system of governing should be an individual person rather than a group from a foreign country asking them to do as they pleased. In order for him to do that, he wrote a book. His book is called Leviathan . In that book it is stated that people are incapable of ruling themselves, primarily because humans are naturally self-centered and quarrelsome and need the iron fist of a strong leader. Hobbes was not more effective than following philosophes like Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. They were more confident about democracy. Their ideas were straight to the point and they support questions that were negatively viewed about absolute monarch. For example, Montesquieu proposed a concept about the separation of powers into different district of government. They also find willing students who are tempted to fight for liberty. The ideas of the Enlightenment helped lead to the American Revolution andShow MoreRelated Enlightenment Ideas Inspired The American and French Revolutions1523 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment Ideas Inspired The American and French Revolutions The American and French Revolutions were both fundamentally based on the Enlightenment ideas. The main ideas that they followed were by John Locke. His ideas inspired the Americans and the French to have a revolution. In these revolutions, the Americans had success and the French failed. The success that the Americans experienced wad due to the protection of rights they had. These rights are Life, Liberty and Property.? In AmericaRead MoreEnlightenment Ideas Inspired the American and French Revolutions1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe American and French Revolutions were both fundamentally based on the Enlightenment ideas. The main ideas that they followed were by John Locke. His ideas inspired the Americans and the French to have a revolution. In these revolutions, the Americans had success and the French failed. The success that the Americans experienced wad due to the protection of rights they had. These rights are Life, Liberty and Property. In America a constitution was put together that provided for a stableRead MoreInfluence Of Enlightenment On The American Revolution898 Words   |  4 Pages The ideas of the Enlightenment influenced the American Revolution and the formation of the American Government in several different ways. The Enlightenment period initiated several new ideas about freedoms and rights. These ideas were discussed in meetings called salons in France, where they discussed new ideas. There were many influential philosophers from the enlightenment periods, Thomas Hobbes, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Voltaire, John Locke, and Rousseau. Thomas Hobbes believed that all peopleRead MoreImpact Of Enlightenment On The French Revolution878 Words   |  4 PagesI agree that the Enlightenment was force for positive change in society. The Enlightenment was one was the most important intellectual movements in History, as it dominated and influenced the way people thought in Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries. We will look at how it ultimat ely influenced the American and French Revolution which is still strongly governed by these ideas and principles today. The Age of Enlightenment was a European movement emphasizing reasoning and individualism ratherRead MoreFrench Revolution: the Solution to Class Inequality1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution was one of the most important events that occurred in the history of France. The revolution crumpled the Old Regime and completely transformed the social and political system of France. The people of France sought to establish a more egalitarian society through their newly created Republic. When Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu introduced individual liberty, natural rights and equality the ideas of revolution emerged. AsRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revol utions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influences post-revolutions. †¯ The first source whichRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Year1524 Words   |  7 Pagesbegin to remember hearing ideas from famous philosophers back home that sound oddly familiar to that of this certain document. Then, you begin to wonder, how have European philosophers inspired this and how can it change history forever? Well, The European Enlightenment was a time where philosophers began to ponder upon the ideas of democracies and how freedom and equality could change the world for the better. The American Revolution was sparked by the ideas of The Enlightenment, and that was only theRead MoreThe British Enlightenment And The American Revolution1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution was a product of the British Enlightenment as well as both American and British history. The Enlightenment was age of innovation taking place during the 17th and 18th centuries. During this period there were great advancements in science that pushed back religious superstitions, as well as deve lopments in economics and political thinking. (lecture) The British Enlightenment specifically had a large impact on the American Revolution with key figures such as John Locke. HisRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement of Elightment759 Words   |  3 Pages 1. The intellectual movement of Enlightenment was a very intricate movement that was centralized on the concepts of progression, reasoning, and the scientific method. The Enlightenment thinkers believed they could implement some of these ideas towards societies and people. These ideas changed how humanity viewed the government, politics, and society. Although each philosopher had their own individual concept, they all centered on the themes of equality and freedom. Thomas Hobbes believed that religionRead MoreRadicalism and Revolutions Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, revolutions have started because of new ideas that change thinking and disrupt what has come to be considered normal. During 1700s, the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions were no exception. The Enlightenment ideas that were spreading around this time lead people of these three nations to question their ruling elites, and to begin considering breaking free. Of these three, though, no one revolt can be seen as more radical when compared to the other two. Each was faced with

Elizabeth Bishop free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Poem The Fish Essay, Research Paper From the oncoming of civilisation, society has increased its capablenesss in the pursuit for endurance. Methods of accomplishing cardinal demands have been belittled through modernisation. In 1946, a clip period defined by abundant technological promotion, Elizabeth Bishop describes the art of capturing a fish from H2O, an act one time used merely as a nutrient beginning, in her verse form The Fish. As the storyteller caught the fish merely to detect and so let go of the animal, the reader develops a desire to detect precisely what is being observed. Upon analysis of the work, the verse form represents Bishop s personal life, historical events of importance to her, and her positions on American society. First of wholly, as the fish is held beside the boat, Bishop sees elements of her ain personal being in the animate being. For case, as the fish struggled for air, its gills were crisp from blood ( because take a breathing ) can cut so severely ( Bishop 1211 ) . During the beginning of Bishop’s career, she was often referred to as a ‘miniaturist’. Her concentration on minor details aided readers in building mental images while reading her poems. By focusing deeply on the description of images, it became easier for readers to understand the emotion and intensity of each line. Often times, Bishop would gain inspiration from the images she witnessed with her own eyes. Several of Bishop’s poems are in fact based entirely off of personal experiences and past memories. Elizabeth Bishop guides the reader through descriptive detail, in order to aid them in fully understanding the feeling of her poetry. In this answer I will examine Bishop’s use of language and how it aids the reader in uncovering the intensity of feeling in her poetry. Elizabeth Bishop has used past memories, personal experiences, and her observations of nature and human life to include in her poems. Many of Bishop’s poems include the mention of animals, such as ‘The Fish’, ‘The Prodigal’, and ‘The Armadillo’. This mention of animals and their behavior is effectively presented and supported with thorough detail. The precise language which Bishop chose to include in her poems, acts as a guideline for uncovering the emotion felt during the time of the experience. Had Bishop not included minor details that she considered to be critical, the chance of passing on the intensity of feeling may have been lost. In Bishop’s poem ‘The Fish’, she writes about her experience of catching a â€Å"tremendous fish†. By stating in the opening line that the fish was indeed â€Å"tremendous†, the rest of the poem’s images correspond with a very large fish. In the poem, Bishop writes: â€Å"Here and there his brown skin hung in strips like ancient wallpaper, and its pattern or darker brown was like wallpaper: shapes like full-blown roses stained and lost through age. † From this descriptive quote, we are able to form a solid image of a large, heavy, brown scaled fish. The fish that Bishop had caught, observed, and later wrote about in this poem. When analyzing poetry, it is important to attempt to merge ones imagination with that of the writers. In this instance, Elizabeth Bishop allows us to effortlessly imagine and feel the emotion of that particular moment. Further in the poem, Bishop makes mention of the eyes belonging to the immense creature. â€Å"I looked into his eyes which were far larger than mine but shallower, and yellowed, the irises backed and packed with tarnished tinfoil seen through the lenses of old scratched isinglass. † The vivid, carefully selected words reinforce the feeling of the quote and aid the reader in understanding the emotion of the lines. Bishop’s selective vocabulary within her poems may be the result of the hidden emotions she felt while writing them. This is apparent in â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia†. Her clear recollection of the feelings she experienced during her younger cousin’s funeral, may be her reasoning for the choice of diction in the poem. The poem begins as Bishop is taken into the parlor where her cousin, Arthur, is being laid out. There is reference to a stuffed loon, shot and killed by Arthur’s father. The â€Å"red glass† eyes of the loon stood out to a younger Bishop, surrounded by mostly white. The mention of color plays a role in ‘First Death in Nova Scotia’, mainly the colors red and white. The analyzation of colors has taught us that red is closely linked to anger, animosity, blood, and sometimes death. While white is acknowledged as a color of innocence, purity, and light. The unofficial result of these colors combined can possibly mean an innocent death. One which Bishop finds confusing, and close to her heart. Confusing because her first presence at a funeral is that of someone younger than her, close to her heart because of the fact that Arthur was close to her age. â€Å"†¦ and the red-eyed loon eyed it from his white, frozen lake† â€Å"He had just begun on his hair, a few red strokes, and then Jack Frost had dropped the brush and left him white, forever. † Nowhere is it more apparent that Bishop uses graphic language to demonstrate emotion and feeling, than in ‘Filling Station’. ‘Filling Station’ is a poem which is based on an old gas station which Elizabeth Bishop had come across during her constant travels. The station, small, dirty and worn, is filled with items that seem, at first, out of place. A father, sporting a â€Å"dirty, oil-soaked monkey suit†, is assisted by his â€Å"greasy sons†. A strong male vibe exists about the place, though the station is referred to as a â€Å"family filling station†. As the poem goes on, it is revealed that the â€Å"out of place† items, may very well be the result of a female presence. The items, an â€Å"extraneous plant†, a taboret, and a doily, do not fit in next to the â€Å"grease-impregnated wickerwork†. Though the laborers are in fact male, revealing a greasy, dirty front, there exists a feminine presence. Vividly described, the filling station does not lack a delicate touch of any sort. Each noun, supported by a powerful adjective, supports Elizabeth Bishop’s carefully judged use of language, aiding the reader in uncovering the intensity of feeling in her poetry. â€Å"Father wears a dirty, oil-soaked monkey suit that cuts him under the arms, and several quick and saucy and greasy sons assist him (it’s a family filling station), all quite thoroughly dirty. † Elizabeth Bishop effectively uses carefully selected vocabulary, in order to successfully instill verbal imagery into her readers minds. By reinforcing nouns with strong adjectives, Bishop furthered her descriptive style of poetry. It is apparent that the careful detail in each line has established a perception of scenery to each poem. As you read along, bold images are created in one’s mind, resulting in the automatic connection to intense feelings. It is said that Elizabeth Bishop focused largely on the description of the images within her poems. Wether or not the idea was to create imagery within her readers minds, or allow them to experience feelings once felt by her, it is effectively achieved. Elizabeth Bishop does in fact, use the language in her poems to aid the reader to uncover the intensity of feeling in her poetry.

Information Security and Ethics Of Google †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Information Security and Ethics Of Google. Answer: Nature of the business In the era of globalization as well as technological advancement, Google has tried to place their position in the mind of cyber users, like the powerful search engine over the internet and its also used widely as the web-based search engine all over the world (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). It doesnt matter, whether it's old or young, Google can always be seen in the conversation about computers or internet (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). One can view the history about how the companies enhance from small too big and are also identified all over the world. The core business of Google is to offer the search engine to the cyber user, who is interested in going to their place of interest (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). The search engine of Google tries to attract various internet users through simple design, but outcomes are quite amazing search outcome (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). After the starting stage of the Google setting itself at the global position, it started selling the ads relate d to the keywords of search. The ads were text-based to increase the loading speed of the page (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Most of the revenue of Google depends on the ads, and they had attained success with the support of AdSense and AdWords in the system after attaining experience within the industry (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). For developing the expected IT infrastructure, the department of IT try to maintain the balance among the purchasing of products from the outside vendors and try to draw up the software; for instance the organization purchase of the software from Oracle for maintaining the accounts; whereas, when the case of managing the customer relationship management, Google try to develop the software (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Through the administration of the company try to create the data, that is made available to every employee, it also tries to make sure that the information is protected from getting misused or either used through the unauthenticated users (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Google even try to encourage the use of open source software through applying it. It also initiates the students to work and develop the new software through offering the internship programs. In this manner, the company tries to attain new ideas that can be supportive (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Google also seeks to develop the similar applications such as Google Apps that can be applied for the external and internal purpose (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The algorithm search engine is continuously updated, so that retrieval of information could get more relevant (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). The engineers ensure that the retrieval of information for the internet user get less. Google also adopts the round robin policy, which supports them in load balancing of server load. The servers of Google are categorized in various types, and every server is assigned with a particular function (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The business nature makes the Google emphasize the aspects of security and try to make it critical for Google (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The master search algorithm of the formula is to keep things secret. Instead of trying to implement the measures of strict policy, the organization ensures about the organization infrastructure as secured (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The focus is placed on the corrective and detective controls. More than 150 engineers are hired for offering the information security as well as for maintaining the organization security infrastructure (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The engineers regularly view the virus-like Spyware, and Google makes use of intrusion detection system for avoiding the breach of security (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Governance structures, processes, and policies it has in place It can be mentioned that, for the type of technology and innovation, Google produce the culture, governance as well as process as perfectly applied for generating the assistance of an idea one another (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The top executives hold instinct for taking the company and agree with them, in case they ask for hostile takeovers to place long-term vision (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The model of media might be right as compared to them, as both of them are reliant on the talent and vision. The culture of creative corporate is fabulous for attracting the Googolplex as the right playground for developing the magic of Google (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The process of organization of permitting the staff for using 20% of the work time in combination with the teamwork style that looks like a right formula for developing the dirty and rough prototype that it explored the value that could create entirely through the alpha to beta (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 200 9). The only types of limitation that can view the ego possibility in the manner of doing the right work and the companys size eventually turn the staff and businesses customers (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). This could be branding issue for Google in the coming time over how to deal with the increase in huge companies (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The commitment of Google towards security is outlined through Code of the conduct of Google, along with security philosophy of Google (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). All these policies include the huge array of the security linked with the topics, which includes the necessary policies that each staff should comply with physical security, account, data as well as few specific policies including the systems and internal applications, which are expected by employees to follow (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). All these security policies are reviewed and updated periodically. Staff is also needed to attain continuous security training over the security topics like the safe internet use, how to label, handle the sensitive information, and working through the remote location safety (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Extra training is also provided about the interest policy topics, which includes the areas of emerging technology like safe use of social technologies and mobile devices (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). The security organization of Google is divided into various teams, which emphasize over the auditing of global security, information security, and compliance, along with physical security for safeguarding the hardware infrastructure of Google (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). Together teamwork addresses the complete international computing environment. In case of Information Security team, Google hires the full-time team of information security, which includes 250 experts in the area of network security, information, and application (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). The team is highly responsible for the maintaining the organization perimeter as well as internal defense systems, creating the process for securing the development as well as security review and constructing the customized security infrastructure (Eloff, Labuschagne, Solms Dhillon, 2011). It also implies the leading role in the documentation, development and Google security policies implantation poli cies and standard (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Corporate officers and their roles as described in public documentation In the present time, the world is moving towards IT as the required belonging, but the threats around the It world are also rising (Gofbole, 2008). This might lead towards the IT security strategies, which can resolve the IT issues and can even control the threats happening in the technology area (Gofbole, 2008). The Information Technology security professionals manage the responsibility for safeguarding the IT world through increasing problems and threats (Gofbole, 2008). Whoever takes the responsibility of protecting the infrastructure, networks and computer systems are the system administration, IT security professionals, information security engineers, network security officers, chief information officer, chief security officers, network engineers, information assurance manager, chief information security officer as well as computer operators are among the few that hold fundamental role in IT security professionals (Gofbole, 2008). The IT security professionals job revolves around IT system protection. It includes the infrastructure, network and all other IT information grounds (Gofbole, 2008). Customer data, securing the information assets, financial information and various other critical IT information is the main responsibility of the security IT professionals (Hamid, 2007). Their role holds the responsibility to offer access to the information to the users relied on the identity and necessity. Information is provided to people when they are legally eligible for attaining access (Harkins, 2012). Every department of IT security holds particular policies and principles according to the policies of the company and require following the same (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). They adopt the specific set of regulations, rules, strategies, and methodologies for protecting the information systems (Harkins, 2012). The IT security professional responsibility is definite as mentioned below: Significant IT security professional responsibilities Designing and developing the software and security devices for ensuring the client information and product safety (Harkins, 2012). Measures of measuring the security of IT within the network system Inspections of operating regulation and network process for updates about security (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Undertaking the audit process for initiating the safety and security measures and strategies (Harkins, 2012). Customize information access according to necessity and rules Maintaining the standard security information policy, services, and procedure (Harkins, 2012). Above mentioned are the responsibility of each, and every It security professional relied on the role required to meet. Through making sure about the high responsibility can be referred a scaling job (Jacobs, 2015). One needs to get updated with the advanced skills and knowledge along with the particular work within the team towards attaining the information security perfect security (Kim Solomon, 2010). The analysis is also done about the skills that are required by IT professional, and the same is mentioned below: Skills required for IT security professionals: The IT security professionals are expected to be a strategist to make sure about protecting the infrastructure, network as well as computer systems (Kim Solomon, 2010). It is also important that one should be aware of the evolving security controls and measures and should hold ability for implementing the same in the company (Kim Solomon, 2010). Besides that, the security professional in IT need to be strategic, and that should be enough for judging the before as well as after results of the security measure (Kim Solomon, 2010). The IT security professionals need to be adequate management as well as communication skills for making sure about the effective coordination with the clients and team (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). She and He are requiring communicating with the organizational professionals regarding the IT terms (Kim Solomon, 2010). Similar to that, while handling the client, the measures and principle of security should be taught clearly within the organization (Kim Solomon, 2010). Other skills expected of the IT security professionals are to stay technically competent. It is also important that they should always hold re-skills along with advanced technology skills to become capable of grasping the issues of technical security immediate and solve the same (Kouns Minoli, 2011). These are few of the significance skills needed by the IT security professionals. Whether the governance structures and policies reflect regulatory requirements IT security governance is considered as the system through which companies can direct and control the security of IT that is adopted by the ISO 38500 (Kouns Minoli, 2011). It is noted that IT security governance need not get confused with the security management of IT (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). IT security management should be concerned with creating decisions for mitigating the risks; even governance determines the authorization of taking decisions (Kouns Minoli, 2011). Governance explicitly specifies the accountability framework and offers an outright for making sure about the risks that should be mitigated adequately, while the management makes sure about the controls that are implemented for reducing the risk (Peltier, 2005). Management suggests the security strategies. Governance also makes sure about the security strategies that are aligned with the business regulation and objectives (Peltier, 2005). NIST explains about the IT governance and mentioned it as the process of setting and maintaining the framework for offering assurance that IT security strategies are connected with the help of business objectives, which are consistent with the relevant laws and regulations by the adherence towards internal control and policies and offer responsibility for managing the risk (Calabrese, 2004). There are many laws and regulations, and from that, few are particular of industries that can impact the information Technology (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Each company should explore the appropriate regulations affecting them and then only they should respond accordingly, and make sure that both the role and responsibilities for analyzing the matters of legal and regulatory are defined correctly for every stakeholder group, so that every group can easily apply the particular expertise in efficient manner (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The current increase in the regulations that impact the IT use is due to various factors like, laws for protecting the information along with its potential to misuse the electronic form; increase in computer system and network use for undertaking the criminal activities, which also includes hacking, viruses, pornography and money laundering (Solms Solms, 2008). Increase in the massive contractual relationship with the IT products and services, such as product license, outsourcing, and managed services (Solms Solms, 2008). It also includes the increase in various types of electronic media as well as the potential for misusing the valuable information assets, which results in the intellectual and copyright property problems concerning with the user and vendors (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). How the organization addresses and mitigates risk In the rapid-paced international economy, this relies on most of the information, by making sure about the IT asset security to get paramount (Peltier, 2008). Building on the current research through CompTIA, around 28% of the present business list security is considered an important factor, and this number is measured for improving in coming two years (Peltier, 2008). The study also rightly claim that various organizations believe that secure enough is potentially vulnerable to critical security threats that emerge with new technologies (Peltier, 2008). These increasing threats are initiating the business to these growing threats are starting the business to adopt the new methods for examining the changing needs of security. In a survey conducted by Gartner, research shows that the mobile rules for most of the organizations (Peltier, 2008). Keep system updated Most of the failure of the system happens due to the lack of right patch. Few statistics related to researchers explain the interesting facts related with similar vulnerably faced by the companies (Peltier, 2016). In case the companies help BYOD and then also control over performing the standard maintenance, then in that case issues usually get worse, as they invite attack sources without having any prevention (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). To avoid the risk, it is important to ensure the system that is updated, and it also includes the servers inside the laptops, company, mobile device, and desktops (Peltier, 2016). Small mobile devices come through different operating systems, and firmware (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). By considering this, companies are expected to permit the mobile devices for patching to get maintained ideally (Peltier, 2016). Undertake governance review as well as assessment of mobile security Consideration and assessment of governance are necessary for measuring and defining the IT operations operational efficiency and explore the gaps that require getting fixed (Stamp, 2011). Famous research organizations like OWASP and Gartner provides the security matrices for performing the security assessment and explore the maturity level of IT security of an organization (Tipton Krause, 2009). Information technology scores the famous assessment matrix through Gartner that supports the company is exploring the risk and measuring and analyzing the mobile security program maturity of business (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). For instance, in case of Spider chart, it is noted that the chart indicates about the presents core of the company, where else the chart shows the ideal score of an organization (Tipton Krause, 2009). Cyberwarfare It is suggested that the correct application of intrusion prevention as well as intrusion detection system along with firewalls is the primary response (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Through undertaking the real-time analysis of the network traffic like investigating and the security threat inclusion, and individual companies can detect the less sophisticated attack related to the user level (Tipton Krause, 2009). Huge organizations are suggested to get aware of the network security and vulnerabilities, and they are also expected to work towards securing the advanced threat protection platform properties for the betterment of the endpoint protection and server security protection (Tipton Krause, 2009). About the government cyber-attacks, the main defense line is to undertake the common front existing between the cyber attackers (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). There is no correct time for opening about the dialogue as well as collaboration among the government industries and ag encies for taking action against the cyberwarfare (Tipton Krause, 2009). It is suggested that attacks, which go massive, the interconnected system could be disclosed readily by comparing the information and creating the similar task forces (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). Detection and protection are not enough for stopping the attackers each time, but it can also inhibit the future as well as common threats (Tipton Krause, 2009). Espionage Individuals and organizations might apply to bring your device (BYOD) that look inexpensive solution, but the same might develop certain issues (Vacca, 2017). If one assists the BYOD then, in that case, it is suggested that they should try to enforce the management as well as maintenance (Vacca, 2017). It is again crucial for making sure that the mechanism of device control should safeguard the leakage of information (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). It also permits the USB devices for inserting, but rather it will also encrypt the information (Vacca, 2017). When the information is later applied to certain another system in the organizational environment, then in that case information will be encrypted automatically and then it can be decrypted, when it is copied towards the system that holds no device control mechanism, then it will be of no use (Wheeler, 2011). Its also recommended that critical infrastructure protection through dividing the intellectual property network through the corporate network and allows having access towards the network by individuals that require access (Javidi, 2006). But it is also crucial to do more than that, documenting and deciding the permits to work towards the network and include physical access towards the location and analyze the network requirement and it should be determined (Javidi, 2006). Possible improvements/impacts of internal changes/external factors on the 2-3 year horizon For reducing the interruption of service due to the failure of hardware, natural disaster as well as various another catastrophes, Google try to implement the program of disaster recovery at every data centers (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). This program covers up different elements for reducing the risk of an individual point of failure, which also includes the replication and backup of data (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). In case of backup and data replication, the application information of Google is replicated through various systems applied within the data center and in particular cases, its replicated to different city centers (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). Google quickly operates geographically distributed data centers set, which are designed for maintaining the continuity of service during disaster events or many another incident in the individual region (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). The connection of high speed among the data centers supports in failover. Data centers management is also divided for offering the location independent and system administration (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). Along with that data redundancy as well as regional disparate data centers, Google tries to hold the business continuity plan in its headquarters (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). The method accounts for the key disasters like a seismic event or either the public health crisis, or it also tries to assume that both services and people might not be available for a month (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). This plan was primarily designed for enabling the continued operations of the customer service (Patel, 2008). Google also undertake continuou s test about the disaster recovery plan (Axelrod, Bayuk Schutzer, 2009). For instance, at the time of tests, the geographic location of disaster is also stimulated through conducting the IT system, an operational process in off-line location and permitting the process and system for transferring the fail location that is designated by the disaster recovery plan (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). During the time of the test, it is verified that the operations and business functions can easily operate the off-line failover location and logged through the remediation (Basin, Schaller Schlpfer, 2011). 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