ten commandments :: essays research papers

The Ten Commandments monument should be removed is because it was put there dishonestly. If the dowery of this situation were different, in that case I would agree that the Ten Commandments monument should stay. Then I take into consideration how the monument ended up in the public courthouse, and I can see why it should be removed. Perhaps the monument should not go away where it will never be seen again, only if taken to a place where it can be seen by anyone that wishes.At the beginning of this whole ordeal, I was right beside those who protested the removal of the monument. I thought more or less the First Amendment right Freedom of Religion. Chief Justice Moore and his anonymous helpers took it upon themselves to put the monument there. But after I found out how the monument was set there without consent of the court. This gave me one good priming coat why the monument should be moved. The next reason I think it should be moved is for the actually reason that it is in a pu blic courthouse. Yes, the first amendment does protect Freedom of Religion but whose religion? It doesnt state any religion, whether the religion is Christianity, Buddhism, or paganism. Each and every one of us is entitled to the freedom of our own religion. This is a public courthouse where people of all religions come for justice. So another reason why it should be moved is because someone who comes to the courthouse might be offended by the Ten Commandments because they are of another religion.Also, they have to take into consideration the commodious meaning of freedom of religion. So, lets say the monument stays for the very reason of Freedom of Religion. Are Chief Justice Moore and his accomplices exit to be authorize with someone of the atheist religion sneaking into the courthouse one night and making a display of his religion? This would have to be hunky-dory because everyone is entitled to their right to freedom of religion. Before we know what is happening we will have monuments and displays everywhere. This is another reason why the monument should be moved because if it is okay this one time, then where does it stop. Im not saying that this monument should be taken away and destroyed, Im saying that these people who postulate it on display should spend less time protesting and more time raising money to have a place built for their precious monument.

The Importance of Each Decision in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Es

The Importance of Each Decision in The Road non interpretedTwo roads diverged in a wood, and I -- / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has do all the difference. Robert Frosts The Road not Taken is a lyrical poem about the decisions that one must make in life. When a man approaches a fork in the road on which he is traveling, he must choose which path to take. The cream that he makes, as with any choices made in life, affects him in a way that has made all the difference . Thematically, the poem argues that no matter how small a decision is, that decision will affect a persons life forever. The Road Not Taken is told as a first-person narrative. The narrator is looking back on the decisions that have affected him. The decision that is illustrated in the poem occurred at a lots earlier point in the narrators life. It would be possible for a reader to be drawn into the poem to such a degree that the reader would start the narrator. Everyone has made decisions, and since it is the purpose of this poem to discuss and address those decisions, it would be easy to look beyond the narrator and see oneself. The word choice used in the poem very effectively portrays the speaker. The language used is very simple, almost as if the narrator is not speaking, but thinking, for the language of thoughts tends to be simple without apply words that require a dictionary to define. The simple, almost quiet and seducing tone acts to draw the reader into the poem allowing the reader to become the narrator. Throughout the poem, Frost uses images that could be interpreted as either quite simple and very specific or incredibly involved and extremely general. For example, by interpreting images such as Two roads... in a yello... ...ming lines do not necessarily contain the same number of syllables. This choice by Frost pulls the reader into the poem, but maintains the thought-like aureole as the narrator looks back unto his life at the decisions that he made and their res ults. In his perhaps best known poem, Frost recognizes something that everyone should realize. The simple picture of a man deciding which path to follow is suddenly changed into a description of life by the mastery of Frosts poetic hand. No matter how small a decision appears to be at the time that it is made, that decision will affect a persons life forever, or as Frost puts it, each and every choice will make all the difference.Work Cited Frost, Robert. The Road Not Taken. The North Introduction To Literature. 6th ed. Eds. Carl E.Bain, Jerome Beaty, and J. Paul Hunter. New York W.W Norton, 1995. 1097.

Exhange Risk Faced by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) Essay -- Exhan

Exchange rates are the amount of one countrys currency needed to obtain one unit of another currency (Brealey 1999, p. 625). People wanting to exchange some money for their vacation trip exit not be overly much bothered with shifts if the exchange rates. However, for international companies, dealing with very large amounts of money in their proceedings, the rise or fall of a currency understructure mean getting a surplus or a deficit on their balance sheets. What types of exchange rate pretends do multinational companies face? cardinal type of exchange risk faced by multinational companies is transaction risk. If a order sells products to an overseas customer it might be subject to transaction risk. If a UK company is expecting a payment from a US customer in June and the invoice was made in January, the exchange rate is bound to fork over changed during the period. If the deal was worth 1,000,000 and the american dollar compared to pound sterling weakened from US$1.40 in Ja nuary to US$1.50 in June, the UK company would loose 47,619 (Appendix A). Economic risk is another type of exchange risks companies have to consider when dealing globally. Changes in exchange rates are bound to tinge the relative prices on imports and exports, and that allow for again affect the competitiveness of a company. An UK exporter dealing with companies in the US would not want the US$ to depreciate, because it would make the exports more expensive for the US market, olibanum the company will loose business.Other types of exchange rate risks are translation risk and so-called hidden risk. The translation risk relates to cases where large multinational companies have subsidiaries in other countries. On the financial statement of the whole group, the company may have to translate the assets and liabilities from foreign accounts into the group statement. The translation will involve foreign exchange exposure. The term hidden risk evolves around the fact that all companies a re subject to exchange rate risks, even if they fatiguet do business with companies using other currencies. A company that is buying supplies from a local manufacturer might be affected of fluctuate foreign exchange rates if the local manufacturer is doing business with overseas companies. If a manufacturer goes out of business, or experience heavy losses, it will affect all the companies it does business with. The co... ...he curve. Appendix A.Transaction RiskA UK exporter invoicing US$1,000,000 in January for payment in June. Spot ratesJanuary US$1.40714,286February US$1.50666,667 injustice on transaction 47,619 (714,286 - 666,667)Appendix B.Interest Ratesi.A company borrows 100,000 from a bank at 8% interest rate.100,000 X 1.08 = 108,000ii.A company borrows 2,000,000 in 1998, with a fixed interest rate of 8%, payable annually for a 5 year period.Fixed annual interest, 8% 2,000,000 X 0.08 = 160,000New annual interest, 6% 2,000,000 X 0.06 = 120,000Annual loss, 6% vs. 8% 160,000 - 120,000 = 40,000Referenceshttp//www.expedia.com, 22/11/2000, http//www.expedia.com/pub/Agent.dll Brealey, Richard A., Marcus, Alan J., Myers, Stewart C. 1999, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 2nd edn, Craig S. Beytien, USA. Howells, Peter., Bain, Keith 2000, Financial Markets and Institutions, third edn, Henry King Ltd., Great Britain.Ritter, Lawrence R., Silber, William L., Udell, Gregory F. 2000, Money, banking, and Financial Markets, 10th edn, USA.

Use of Symbols and Symbolism in To Kill A Mockingbird :: Kill Mockingbird essays

Use of Symbolism in To Kill a Mockingbird     Harper lee(prenominal) effectively uses symbolism throughout her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird.  Jems nursing of the flowers denotes his courage that he nurses in order to be able to tolerate peoples criticism of his family, oddly of his father. He was forced to take care of the camellias just as he was forced to live with anger, disappointment and a big question mark in his young heart about the workings of grownups. Atticus never thought Jemd be the one to lose his head over this (110). However Jem did lose his head and now he has to find the strength to control his emotions in order to avoid further trouble. This courage was hard to find but Mrs Dubose did find it and managed to break herself from morphine onwards she died. She also made sure Jem got a white waxy camellia she had prepa redness for him. The waxy camellia, the Snow-on-the-Mountain (118), could be a symbol of courage. She built her tint little by lit tle just as when she was making the camellia. Now it is Jems turn to build his own. And as the camellia out of wax does not wither, in the same sense, true courage may be hard to build, but once built, it never leaves you.             Mrs Duboses camellias are not the only flowers that can be seen symbolically. Mayella Ewells red geraniums also carry an important meaning. During the Robinson trial the reader is given a comment of the Ewells property. It is said that what passed for a fence was bits of tree-limbs , broomsticks and tool shafts, all tipped with out of practice(p) hammer-heads, snaggle-toothed rake heads, shovels, axes and grubbing hoes, held on with pieces of barbed wire. Enclosed by this barricade was a dirty yard containing the remains of a Model-T Ford, a discarded dentists chair, an ancient ice-box, summation lesser items old shoes, worn-out table radios, picture frames, and fruit jars, under which scrawny orange chic kens pecked hopefully. (176) The general picture one acquires by this description is that of a small dump, a place totally disordered like the playhouse of an insane child (176). One can easily guess the flagrant of the people who lived there. However, against the fence, in a line, were six chipped-enamel slop jars holding brilliant red geraniums, cared for as tenderly as if they belonged to Miss Maudie Atkinson.

Iago of Shakespeares Othello :: free essay writer

 Iago of Othello   Of all the theatrical roles presented in Shakespe atomic number 18s literature the most sinister one is without a doubt Iago. He is a unkind sociopath. No other character can even come c suffer to his evil. Most of the antagonists present in Shakespeares sounds come valid reasons for the troubles the cause. Iago doesnt for the most part he just has a burning at the stake hatred for the world especially Othello. Iago is the whole reason there is any conflict in Othello . If he never had entered the playfulness Othello would have married Desdimonia and they would have lived happily ever later. Right from the beginning of the play to the very end he causes conflicts. He is directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of Othello Desdimona, Emilia, Cassio, and Roderigo. Which happen to be all of the main characters. I believe Shakespeare didnt just want Iagos character to be evil. I think he cute him more to symbolize it. each(prenominal) of the problems he causes are through lies, treachery, manipulation, and a deep unknown hate. Some of his hate is fueled by jealousy and revenge. The humorous part is that he wants to be known as honest Iago. Every act contains an evil plot set up by Iago. They all play into his grand scheme. In the very beginning of act 1 Iago displays his hatred for Othello. He is angry at him for making Cassio the lieutenant. Jealousy is his first motif. He than tells Roderigo (a former suitor of Desdimonia) that Othello and Desdimonia are getting married. The two of them then go and tell Desdimonias father, Brabantio that Othello and his daughter just got eloped. This infuriates Brabantio. Soon after Brabantio gets a gang after Othello. Iagos treachery is first displayed hear. When Othello is confronted Iago is on his side. Iago was the person who insighted the whole ordeal. Act 1-3 is where Iago pieces together his whole sinister plot to get revenge. He first tells Roderigo to sell his lands and move to Cypress to court Desdimonia. The pass away stanza is where he manifests his grand scheme. His idea is to get Othello into thinking Cassio is in love with Desdimonia. That way Cassio will be pink-slipped from lieutenant and Othello will lose Desdimonia. Shakespeare does a very good job in showing what kind of person Iago is right from the beginning of the play.Iago of Shakespeares Othello free probe writer Iago of Othello   Of all the characters presented in Shakespeares literature the most sinister one is without a doubt Iago. He is a ruthless sociopath. No other character can even come close to his evil. Most of the antagonists present in Shakespeares plays have valid reasons for the troubles the cause. Iago doesnt for the most part he just has a burning hatred for the world especially Othello. Iago is the whole reason there is any conflict in Othello . If he never had entered the play Othello would have married Desdimonia and they would have lived happily ever after. Right from the beginning of the play to the very end he causes conflicts. He is directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of Othello Desdimona, Emilia, Cassio, and Roderigo. Which happen to be all of the main characters. I believe Shakespeare didnt just want Iagos character to be evil. I think he wanted him more to symbolize it. All of the problems he causes are through lies, treachery, manipulation, and a deep unknown hate. Some of his hate is fueled by jealousy and revenge. The ironic part is that he wants to be known as honest Iago. Every act contains an evil plot set up by Iago. They all play into his grand scheme. In the very beginning of act 1 Iago displays his hatred for Othello. He is angry at him for making Cassio the lieutenant. Jealousy is his first motif. He than tells Roderigo (a former suitor of Desdimonia) that Othello and Desdimonia are getting married. The two of them then go and tell Desdimonias father, Brabantio that Othello and his daughter j ust got eloped. This infuriates Brabantio. Soon after Brabantio gets a gang after Othello. Iagos treachery is first displayed hear. When Othello is confronted Iago is on his side. Iago was the person who insighted the whole ordeal. Act 1-3 is where Iago pieces together his whole sinister plot to get revenge. He first tells Roderigo to sell his lands and move to Cypress to court Desdimonia. The last stanza is where he manifests his grand scheme. His idea is to get Othello into thinking Cassio is in love with Desdimonia. That way Cassio will be dismissed from lieutenant and Othello will lose Desdimonia. Shakespeare does a very good job in showing what kind of person Iago is right from the beginning of the play.

Iago of Shakespeares Othello :: free essay writer

 Iago of Othello   Of all the subjects presented in Shakespe ars literature the most sinister one is without a doubt Iago. He is a remorseless sociopath. No other character can even come c put up to his evil. Most of the antagonists present in Shakespeares maps hasten valid reasons for the troubles the cause. Iago doesnt for the most part he just has a combustion hatred for the world especially Othello. Iago is the whole reason there is any conflict in Othello . If he never had entered the manoeuvre Othello would have married Desdimonia and they would have lived happily ever afterward. Right from the beginning of the play to the very end he causes conflicts. He is directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of Othello Desdimona, Emilia, Cassio, and Roderigo. Which happen to be all of the main characters. I believe Shakespeare didnt just want Iagos character to be evil. I think he valued him more to symbolize it. wholly of the problems he causes are through lies, treachery, manipulation, and a deep unknown hate. Some of his hate is fueled by jealousy and revenge. The ironic part is that he wants to be known as honest Iago. Every act contains an evil plot set up by Iago. They all play into his grand scheme. In the very beginning of act 1 Iago displays his hatred for Othello. He is angry at him for making Cassio the lieutenant. Jealousy is his first motif. He than tells Roderigo (a former suitor of Desdimonia) that Othello and Desdimonia are getting married. The two of them then go and tell Desdimonias father, Brabantio that Othello and his daughter just got eloped. This infuriates Brabantio. Soon after Brabantio gets a gang after Othello. Iagos treachery is first displayed hear. When Othello is confronted Iago is on his side. Iago was the person who insighted the whole ordeal. Act 1-3 is where Iago pieces together his whole sinister plot to get revenge. He first tells Roderigo to sell his lands and social movement to Cypress to court Desdimonia. The hold up stanza is where he manifests his grand scheme. His idea is to get Othello into thinking Cassio is in love with Desdimonia. That way Cassio will be laid-off from lieutenant and Othello will lose Desdimonia. Shakespeare does a very good job in showing what kind of person Iago is right from the beginning of the play.Iago of Shakespeares Othello free rise writer Iago of Othello   Of all the characters presented in Shakespeares literature the most sinister one is without a doubt Iago. He is a ruthless sociopath. No other character can even come close to his evil. Most of the antagonists present in Shakespeares plays have valid reasons for the troubles the cause. Iago doesnt for the most part he just has a burning hatred for the world especially Othello. Iago is the whole reason there is any conflict in Othello . If he never had entered the play Othello would have married Desdimonia and they would have lived happily ever after. Right from the begi nning of the play to the very end he causes conflicts. He is directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of Othello Desdimona, Emilia, Cassio, and Roderigo. Which happen to be all of the main characters. I believe Shakespeare didnt just want Iagos character to be evil. I think he wanted him more to symbolize it. All of the problems he causes are through lies, treachery, manipulation, and a deep unknown hate. Some of his hate is fueled by jealousy and revenge. The ironic part is that he wants to be known as honest Iago. Every act contains an evil plot set up by Iago. They all play into his grand scheme. In the very beginning of act 1 Iago displays his hatred for Othello. He is angry at him for making Cassio the lieutenant. Jealousy is his first motif. He than tells Roderigo (a former suitor of Desdimonia) that Othello and Desdimonia are getting married. The two of them then go and tell Desdimonias father, Brabantio that Othello and his daughter just got eloped. This infuriates Brabantio. Soon after Brabantio gets a gang after Othello. Iagos treachery is first displayed hear. When Othello is confronted Iago is on his side. Iago was the person who insighted the whole ordeal. Act 1-3 is where Iago pieces together his whole sinister plot to get revenge. He first tells Roderigo to sell his lands and move to Cypress to court Desdimonia. The last stanza is where he manifests his grand scheme. His idea is to get Othello into thinking Cassio is in love with Desdimonia. That way Cassio will be dismissed from lieutenant and Othello will lose Desdimonia. Shakespeare does a very good job in showing what kind of person Iago is right from the beginning of the play.

Makkah

Considered as perhaps one of the holiest cities in the whole world, Makkah or Mecca, is located in the historic Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia (Crone 231). With a community of nearly two million (1,700,000 to be exact), this region is deeply revered by Islamics because it contains the Grand Mosque of Mecca. From an etymological perspective, the word mecca means a location that is considered as the center of interest or a goal which religious adherents aspire for (Lapidus 43). This is synonymous with the religious devotion that is associated with the reach.One of the major events that occur in this area is the annual pilgrimage to Makkah which happens during the season of the Hajj. This is very important for every Moslem since it is covered under the Five Pillars of Islam (Lapidus 43). Given this relevance, every able bodied Muslim who has the means to must visit Mecca at least once in their lifetime. This is a very strict rule (Lapidus 43). During this time, nobody else is allowed to enter the holy metropolis especially the great unwashed belonging to other faiths.Historically, the Mecca has always been considered as one of the most important cities in the Arabian Peninsula (Crone 231). Since the 6th century, it has always been the wealthiest of all the settlements in the area (Crone 231). Due to the abundant water supply that it got from the Zamzam Well, Mecca soon grew in prosperity and became the site of the Kaaba, the holiest site in all of Islam (Crone 231). Given this ideal location, it comes as no surprise then that this soon became one of the holiest areas in the world.The sacred mosque or the Al-Masjid al-Haram is the largest mosque in the entire world. Its location in the city of Mecca is only seize given the fact that it surrounds what is the holiest place in the entire Islam, the Kaaba (Lapidus 43). Also known as Haram or Haram Sharif, the mosque is capable of accommodating over four million (4,000,000) people during the great pilgrimage or the Hajj (Lapidus 43). It covers a floor area of approximately three hundred and fifty-six thousand eight hundred (356,800) real meters.The Kaaba, is a large cubical shaped building that is currently surrounded by the Masjid al-Haram, which is the largest mosque in the world. According to Islamic lore, the Kaaba was formerly the site where Abraham (Ibrahim) erected the Bait-ul-Allah (House of Allah) at the site of the well (Lapidus 43). This was in turn supposedly created by Adam. Currently, the Kaaba is the site for most of the religious practices of the Muslims. During the Hajj, the Kaaba is the center of the ritual circumambulation that is practiced by Muslims. It is also utilise during the Umrah or the lesser pilgrimage (Lapidus 43). This is also the same direction that Muslims pray towards during prayer.The Well of Zamzam is located about twenty (20) meters away from the Kaaba (Hawting 47). It was said that this was the site where the wife of the Prophet Ibrahim found water for her infant son (Hawting 44). According to legend, the well was dug up by angel Jibril (Gabriel) who caused the spring to appear. The name Zamzam comes from the phrase Zom Zom which literally means stop flowing in relation to the command that Hajar tried to issue to stop the spring water from flowing (Hawting 51). This was also the site where tribes would ghost during their pilgrimage in order to settle disputes and settle debts as well as for other religious reasons (Hawting 47).Aside from the historical considerations, the religious ties that are machine-accessible to the holiest place in Islam, the Kaaba, make it the center of any Muslims faith. The fact that the five pillars also require Muslims to visit this place makes it equally important for every Muslim to endeavor to visit this place at least once in their entire lifetime. This is the reason why millions of Muslims make this pilgrimage every year.Works CitedCrone, Patricia (1987). Meccan trade in and the Rise of Islam. P rinceton University Press.Hawting, G. R. (1980). The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the Well of the Kaba. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 43 (1) 44-54.Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 22552 5.Mecca IPA /mk/ or Makkah IPA mk (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah IPA (Arabic) mk(t) lmkaram Arabic ) is an Islamic holy city in Saudi Arabias Makkah Province, in the historic Hejaz region. It has a population of 1,700,000 (2008 census). The city is located 73kilometres (45miles) inland from Jeddah, in a narrow valley, 277metres (910ft) above sea level. It is located 80kilometres (50miles) from the Red Sea. Historically, the city has also been called Becca12.The city is revered by Muslims for containing the holiest site of Islam, the Grand Mosque of Mecca. A pilgrimage to Mecca during the season of the Hajj is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, a sacred duty that is required of al l able-bodied Muslims who can afford to go, at least once in their lifetime. People of other faiths are prohibit from entering the city.The English word mecca (uncapitalized), meaning A place that is regarded as the center of an activity or interest or A goal to which adherents of a religious faith or practice fervently aspire. 3 is borrowed from Mecca

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 8

Well? Daphne express.I think its the buckle down trade.And, Rashel thought, I think I was flop-this is something big.The Night World slave trade had been banned a broad time ago-back in medieval days, if sheremembered the stories correctly. The Council apparently had decided that kidnapping humans andselling them to Night People for food or amusement was just everyplacely dangerous. however it sounded as if Quinnmight be reviving it, probably without the Councils permission. How actually enterprising of him.I was right about killing him, too, Rashel thought. Theres nonechoice now. Hes as bad as I imagined- andworse.Daphne was goggling. They were waiver to make me a slave? she almost yelled.Sh. Rashel glanced at the man behind the doughnut counter. I think so. Well-a slave and a sort ofperpetual food supply if you were sold to vampires. Probably just dinner if you were going towerewolves.Daphnes lips repeated werewolves silently. But Rashel was talk again onward she could ask aboutit.Look, Daphne-did you run short any idea about where you might be going? You utter they mentioned a boat.But a boat to where? What urban center?I dont love. They never talked about any city. They just tell the boat was ready and somethingabout an aunt-clave. She pronounced it ont-clave. The girl said, When we get to the aunt-claveDaphne broke off as Rashel grabbed her wrist.An enclave, Rashel whispered. Thin chills of excitement were running through her. They were talkingabout an enclave.Daphne nodded, tinctureing at alarmed. I guess.This was big. This was bigger than big. It was incredible.A vampire enclave. The kidnapped girls were being taken to one of the underground enclaves, one of thesecret strongholds no vampire hunter had ever managed to penetrate. No human had even discoveredthe location of one.If I could get thither if I could get inShe could learn enough to destroy a all told town of vampires. Wipe an enclave off the face of the earth.She knew she cou ld.Uh, Rashel? Youre hurting me.Sorry. Rashel let go of Daphnes arm. Now, listen, she said fiercely. I saved your brio, right? I mean,they were going to do terrible things to you. So you owe me, right?Yeah, sure sure, I owe you. Daphne made pacifying motions with her hands. are you fine?Yes. Im fine. But I wish your help. I inadequacy you to tell me everything about that club. Everything I needto get in-and get chosen. Daphne stared at her. Im sorry youre crazy.No, no. I receipt what Im doing. As long as they dont last Im a vampire hunter, itll be okay. I nurtureto get to that enclave.Daphne s mooly shook her towheaded head. What, youre going to, alike(p), slay them all? By yourself? Cant wejust tell the police?Not all by myself. I could take a touch of new(prenominal) vampire hunters to help me. And as for the policeRashel stopped and sighed. Okay. I guess there are some things I should explain. Then maybe youllunderstand better. She increase her eye and looked at Daph ne steadily. First, I should tell you about theNight World. Look, even before you met those vampires, didnt you ever have the feeling that there wassomething eerie going on, right alongside our world and all mixed up in it?She made it as simple as she could, and tried to answer Daphnes questions patiently. And at last,Daphne sat back, looking sick and more(prenominal) frightened than Rashel had seen her yet.Theyre all over, Daphne said, as if she still didnt hope it. In the police departments. In thegovernment. And nobodys ever been able to do anything about them.The completely people whove had any success are the ones who play secretly, in small groups or alone. Westay hidden. Were very careful. And we weed them out, one by one. Thats what it means to be avampire hunter.She leaned forward. Now do you see why its so important for me to get to that enclave? Its a chanceto get at a whole bunch of them all at once, to wipe out one of their hiding placements. Not to mentionstoppin g the slave trade. Dont you think it should be stopped?Daphne assailable her mouth, shut it again. Okay, she said finally, and sighed. Ill help. I arsehole tell youwhat to talk about, how to act. At to the lowest degree what worked for me. She cocked her head. Youre going tohave to dress differently.Ill get a couple of separate(a) vampire hunters and well fill up tomorrow later on school. Lets say six-thirty.Right now, Im taking you home. You need to sleep. She waited to see if Daphne would object, but theother girl just nodded and sighed again.Yeah. You know, after some of the things Ive learned, homes starting to look good.Just one more thing, Rashel said. You cant tell anybody about what happened to you. Tell themanything-that you ran away, whatever-but not the truth. Okay?Okay.And especially dont tell anyone about me. Got it? My life may depend on it.Elliots not here. The voice on the telephone was cold and as hostile as Rashel had ever heard it.Vicky, I need to talk to h im. Or somebody. Im telling you, this is our chance to get to an enclave. Thegirl from the warehouse heard them talking about it. It was Friday afternoon and Rashel was phoningfrom a booth near her school. Vicky was speaking heavily. We staked out that street for days and didnt see anything, but you justhappened to be in the right place at the right time to help a girl escape.Yes. I already told you.Well, that was convenient, wasnt it?Rashel gripped the handset more tightly. What do you mean?Just that it would be a very dangerous thing, going to a vampire enclave. And that a person would haveto really trust whoever was giving them the information about it. Youd have to be sure it wasnt a trap.Rashel stared at the phone buttons, arbitrary her breathing. I see.Yes, well, you dont have much credibility around here anymore. Not since letting that vampire getaway. And this sounds like just the sort of thing youd do if you were in on it with them.Great, Rashel thought. Ive managed to con vince her that I really am a vampire sympathizer. Aloud shesaid, Is that what Nyala is telling everybody? That Im working with the Night World?I dont know what Nyala is doing. Vicky sounded waspish and a circumstantial uneasy. I havent seen her sinceTuesday and nobody answers at her house.Rashel tried to make her voice calm and reasonable. Will you at least tell Elliot what Im doing? Then hecan call me if he wants to.Dont hold your breath, Vicky said, and hung up.Great. Terrific. Rashel replaced the handset wondering if she wasnt supposed to hold her breath untilElliot called, or until Vicky passed on the message. wiz thing was clear she couldnt count on any help from the Lancers. Or any other vampire hunters.Nyala could be spreading any sort of rumors, and Rashel didnt dare even call another group.There was no choice. Shed have to do it alone.That night she went to Daphnes house.Well, shes grounded, Mrs. Childs said at the door. She was a small woman with a baby in one hand, aPam pers in the other, and a toddler clutching her leg. But I guess you can go upstairs.Upstairs, Daphne had to chase a younger sister out of the bedroom before Rashel could sit down. Yousee, I dont even have a room of my own, she said.And youre grounded. But youre a do it, Rashel said, and raised her eyebrows. Hi.Oh. Hi. Daphne looked embarrassed. Then she smiled, sitting cross-legged on her bed. Yourewearing normal clothes.Rashel glanced down at her sweater and jeans. Yeah, the ninja outfits just my career uniform. Daphne grinned. Well, youre still going to have to look different if youre going to get into the club.Should we start now, or do you want to wait for the others? Rashel stared at a row of perfume bottles on the dresser across the room. There arent going to be anyothers.But I thought you saidLook. Its hard to explain, but Ive had a little problem with the vampire hunters around here. So Imdoing it without them. Its no problem. We can start now.Well Daphne pursed her lips. S he looked different from the disheveled wild creature Rashel hadrescued from the street last night. Her blond hair was soft and fluffy, her cornflower blue eyes were largeand innocent, her face was round and sweet. She was fashionably dressed and she seemed relaxed, inher own element in this normal teenagers room. It was Rashel who felt out of place.Well do you want to just take along a friend or something? Daphne asked.I dont have a friend, Rashel said flatly. AndI dont want one. Friends are people to worry about, theyre baggage. I dont like baggage. Daphneblinked slowly. But at school I dont stay at schools more than one year at a time. I live with fosterfamilies, and I usually get myself sent to a new city every year. That way I stay ahead of the vampires.Look, this isnt about me, okay? What I want to know-But Daphne was staring at the mirror. Rashel followed her gaze to see that the reflecting surfacewas almost completely covered by pictures. Pictures of Daphne with guys, Daphn e with other girls.Daphne counted her friends in droves, apparently. But doesnt that get lonely?No, it doesnt get lonely, Rashel said through her teeth. She found herself getting rough with the lacylittle throw pillow on her lap. I like being on my own. Now are we done with the press conference?Looking hurt, Daphne nodded. Okay. I talked with some people at school and everything at the name isgoing on the same as usual-except that Quinn hasnt been there since Sunday. Ivan and the girl were thereTuesday and Wednesday, but not Quinn.Oh, really? That was interesting. Rashel had known from the beginning that her greatest problem wasgoing to be Quinn. The other two vampires hadnt seen her-she didnt think they even realized thatDaphne had run off with a vampire hunter last night. But Quinn had spoken to her. Had been veryclose to her.Still, what could he have seen in that cellar, even with his vampire vision? Not her face. Not even herhair. Her ninja outfit covered her from neck to wrist to ankle. altogether he could possibly know was that shewas tall. If she changed her voice and kept her eyes down, he shouldnt be able to recognize her.But it would be easier still if he werent there in the first place, and Rashel could try her act on Ivan.That reminds me, she said. Ivan and the girl- are their little groups into death, too?Daphne nodded. Everybody in the whole place is, basically. Its that kind of place. A perfect place for vampires, in other words. Rashel wondered briefly if the Night People owned thedub or if some obliging humans had just constructed the ideal habitat for them. Shed have to check intothat.Actually, Daphne was saying, a little shyly, Ive got a poem here for you. I thought you could say youwrote it. It would sort of prove you were into the same thing as the other girls.Rashel took the piece of notebook paper and readTheres warmth in ice theres cooling peace in fire,And midnight light to show us all the way. The leaping flame becomes a funeral py re The Dark wasmore enticing than the Day.She looked up at Daphne sharply. You wrote this before you knew about the Night World?Daphne nodded. Its the kind of thing Quinn liked. He used to say he was the darkness and the silenceand things like that.Rashel wished she had Quinn right there in the room, along with a large stake. These young girls werelike moths to his flame, and he was taking advantage of their innocence. He wasnt even pretending to beharmless instead he was encouraging them to love their own destruction. Making them think it was theiridea. about(predicate) your clothes, Daphne was going on. My friend Mamie is about your size and she lent me thisstuff. Try it on and well see if it looks right. She tossed Rashel a bundle.Rashel unfolded it, examined it doubt richly. A few minutes later she was examining herself even moredoubtfully in the mirror.She was wearing a velvety black jumpsuit which clung to her like a second skin. It was cut in a very lowV in front, but the sle eves reached down in Gothic points on the backs of her hands almost to the middlefinger. Around her neck was a black trounce choker that looked to her like a dog collar. She said, I dontknow No, no, you look great. Sort of like a Betsey Johnson ultra model. Walk a little morselaround okay, yeah. Now all we have to do is paint your fingernails black, add a little makeup, and-Daphne stopped and frowned. Whats wrong? Its the way you walk. You walk like-well, likethem, actually. alike(p) the vampires. As if youre stalking something. And you dont ever make a noise.Theyre going to know youre a vampire hunter from the way you move.It was a good point, but Rashel didnt know what to do about it. UmIve got it, Daphne said brightly. Well put you in heels.Oh, no, Rashel said. There is absolutely no way Im going to wear those things.But itll be perfect, see? You wont be able to walk normally.No, and I wont be able to run, either. But you arent going there to run. Youre going to talk and dance and stuff. Hands on her hips, sheshook her head. I dont know, Rashel, you really need somebody to go there with you, to help you withthis stuff.Daphne stopped and her eyes narrowed. She stared at the mirror for a moment, then she nodded.Yeah. Thats it. Theres no other choice, she said, expelling her breath. She turned to face Rashelsquarely. Ill just have to go with you myself.What?You need somebody with you you cant do this all alone. And theres nobody better than me. Ill gowith you and this time well twain get chosen.Rashel sat on the bed. Im sorry this time you re crazy. Youre the last person the vampires would everchoose. You know all about them.But they dont know that, Daphne said serenely. I told everybody at school today that I didntremember anything that happened from Sunday on. I had to tell them something, you know. So I saidthat I never got to meet Quinn that I didnt know what happened to me, but I woke up last night aloneon this street in Mission Hill.Rashel tried to t hink. Would any of the vampires believe this story?The answer surprised her. They just might. If Daphne had begun to come out of the mind control whileshe was in the truck if she had jumped out and started running, only to become fully conscious a littlewhile later.. .. Yes. It could work. The vampires would assume that shed have amnesia for the wholeperiod she was in a trance, and maybe for a little before. It could work.But its too dangerous, she said. Even if I let you go to the club with me, I could never let you getchosen.Why not? You already said I must be resistant to their mind-control thingy, right? Daphnes blue eyeswere sparking with energy and her cheeks were flushed. So that makes me perfect for the job. I can doit. I know I can help you.Rashel stood helplessly. Take this fluffy bunny of a girl to a vampire enclave? Let her get sold as a slaveto bloodsucking monsters? Ask her to fight ruthless snakes like Quinn? I like to work alone, she said ina hard voice. Daphne folde d her arms over her chest, refusing to be intimidated. Well, maybe its timeyou tried something different. Look, Ive never met anyone like you. Youre so independent, soadventurous, soamazing. But even you cant do everything by yourself. I know Im not a vampirehunter, but Id like to be your friend. Maybe you should try trusting a friend this time.Her eyes met Rashels, and at that moment she didnt look like a fluffy bunny, but like a small, confident,and intelligent young woman.Besides, it was me who got kidnapped, Daphne said, shrugging. Dont you think I should get to paythem back a little?Rashel caught herself almost grinning. She couldnt help liking this girl, or feeling a glow of warmth at herpraise. But still She drew in a careful breath and watched Daphne closely. And youre not scared? Of course Im scared. Id be stupid not to be. But Im not so scared I cant go.It was the right answer. Rashel looked around the fill up lacy room and nodded slowly. At last shesaid, Okay, youre in. Tomorrows Saturday. Well do it tomorrow night.

1984-George Orwell How Does the Writer Use Language to Create a Sense of Place?

1984-George Orwell How does the writer use language to create a sense of place? Orwell uses a sombre tone for the foundations of anguish in the extract from Nineteen Eighty-Four. This tone is used to firstly set the scene with the use of adjectives vile and gritty to describe the pitiable weather. These have negative connotations and therefore allow the reader to understand the melancholy and depressing scene that is being set. The effect of the pathetic fallacy when the wind is depict as vile portrays a comfortlessness of the world around Winston but also reflects his underlying feelings of disgust with it.The irony of the name of his apartment block Victory Mansions reiterates these feelings as Victory implies happiness and joy when all he experiences is harshness, and Luxury implies ease and wealth when he leads a life of dilapidation and squalor. As the description continues into the foyer of his apartment block, the sense of place is addressed by the bank bill on the wall. It is explained as being too large for indoor display and depicting exclusively an enormous face.The size of the poster, emphasised by the adjectives large and enormous illustrate the true reason for the poster primarily for control. This shows the sense of state indicant and oppression of the individual in Winstons world. This sense of control is emphasised again later in extract when we discover the caption under the poster reads BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. The direct object pronoun you personalises the poster to the immediate viewer and therefore along with the presentation of the words being in capitals makes it much effective.Overall the poster therefore shows the hostility of the place where Winston is and their lack of freedom. Orwell gives a realistic portrayal of Winston as he ascends up the stairs to his flat. The varicose ulcer preceding(prenominal) his right ankle could be seen as a manifestation for his repression, and suffering through a life of adversity and turm oil. This is emphasised by the fact that he had to rest several times, which is very unusual for a man as young as thirty nine . This portrays an image of an overworked miserable and lonesome man inhabiting a tortured existence. William May

Character analysis of The Scarlett Letter

Character psychoanalysis Essay. The Scarlet Letter Grief does not change you, Hazel. It reveals you. These are the quarrel of John Green in The Fault in Our stars. This also applies somewhat to Arthur Timescale in The Scarlet Letter. Grief does not change him but his reaction to ruefulness changes throughout the book. Reverend Timescale changes In the beginning, middle and end of the book. Rev Timescale Is religiously strict and Is well trusted In the beginning of the book.Timescale is real strict and doesnt worry any funny business In his congregation. This Is evident when Hester Is getting out of Jail and someone In the rood says The Reverend higher-up Timescale, her godly pastor, takes It very grievously that such a scandal should have come upon his congregation. (48). He does not support his flock macrocosm led Into temptation as he Is considered very righteous and for totally everyone knows, he theme as well become the next Pope. He Is also well trusted amongst the flock of untried England.How much they trust him is best said by governor Bellingham, the responsibility of this womans soul lies greatly with you. It behooves you, therefore, to exhort her to repentance, and to confession, as a proof and consequence thereof. (62). The community trust him with their souls, which, at that time period was worth more than anything in the world. In the middle of the book, quantifycale becomes guilty. No matter who you are, there is temptation. Timescale explains why he brutal in to temptation and how he feels about Hester. Old as I was, and misshapen as I was -, that the simple bliss which is disjointed far and wide, for all mankind to gather up, might yet be This is how strongly timescale felt about Hester yet he continues to beat himself up for it. He explains this to Chlorinating indirectly when he asks, you deal not, take it, in medicine for the soul (125). The reason he needs medicine for the soul is because of the guilt he feels for what the situation of Hester and pearl and being deceitful towards his people. At the end of the book, Timescale becomes free and reveals to the people who he really is.They say His spirit rose, as it were, with a bound, and attained a nearer thought of the sky, than throughout all the misery which had kept him groveling on the 85). Accepting the predilection of running off with Hester and Pearl and not having to hide anymore relieving the sample hes had over the past years. Also, the people now truly know who he Is. With a conclusive motion, he tore away his ministerial band from his breast. It was revealed (232). When the people see his A they top whom Hester had sinned with and that the Reverend wasnt Just being modest about whom he Is.Throughout the book, Reverend Timescale changes. Everybody Changes, Its part of life. Sometimes, change Is bad, but, a lot of times change makes us better. For Timescale, even though It took his entire life, It finally set him free. Character analy sis of The Scarlet Letter By timorous Character Analysis Essay The Scarlet Letter throughout the book. Reverend Timescale changes in the beginning, middle and Rev Timescale is religiously strict and is well trusted in the beginning of the book.Timescale is very strict and doesnt like any funny business in his congregation. This is evident when Hester is getting out of Jail and someone in the crowd says The Reverend Master Timescale, her godly pastor, takes it very does not support his flock being led into temptation as he is considered very righteous and for all everyone knows, he mind as well become the next Pope. He is feels about Hester. Old as I was, and misshapen as I was that the simple bliss which is scattered far and wide, for all mankind to gather up, might yet be mine. (69). P for it. He explains this to Chlorinating indirectly when he asks, you deal not, I the Accepting the idea of running off with Hester and Pearl and not people now truly know who he is. With a conclus ive motion, he tore away his they realize whom Hester had sinned with and that the Reverend wasnt Just being modest about whom he is. Throughout the book, Reverend Timescale changes. Everybody Changes, its part of life. Sometimes, change is bad, but, a lot of times change makes us better. For Timescale, even though it took his entire life, it finally set him free.

Chimney Sweeper Essay

A great writer, or poet, will make their readers aspect as if they are a part of their story. The reader will feel apt when the character is happy, or sad when the character is sad. This is achieved by various rhetorical strategies that writers use. Some of these strategies include imagery and word diction. Sometimes it is iodin sentence that really gets to the reader. Other times it is simply one word that can make the reader feel anything from warm to sad.In William Blakes poem, The Chimney Sweeper, from Songs of Innocence, there is an master(prenominal) transition in which the readers sense of emotions change from negative feelings of darkness, death, and misery to positive emotions of happiness, hope, and salvation. This transition in emotions reflects the childs innocence and absolution to his victimization whereas in the same poem from Songs of accept the child is aware that he is the victim and therefore only reveals feelings of bitterness and badinage.This contrast is important to my sagaciousness of the Innocence poem because it reveals a softer and more innocent berth than the poem of Experience does. In the first half of the poem Blake uses word diction that gives slay negative connotations in order to illustrate the horrible conditions the young sweep oars live in. The chimneysweeper says, And my father sold me while yet my tongue/Could scarcely scream weep weep weep weep (2-3). Not only does the word weep clearly give bump off a sense of sadness and depression, barely the fact that it is repeated four times puts an emphasis on the sadness that the chimneysweeper feels.The quote implies that the father sold his child at a truly young age. As a result, the child was relieve too young to weep and therefore could not refuse to be sold. Another quote says, So your chimneys I sweep & in soot I sleep (4). When one hears the word sweep, they are imagining dirt and filth being lifted off the ground. Moreover, the phrase in soot I sleep, if one imagines it in a literal sense, shows that the child is literally sleeping in soot, which is the black rubble that the smoke from the chimney creates.As a result, this quote illustrates a dirty and filthy ascertainting that these chimneysweepers are forced to live in. A phrase that, without a doubt, gives off a sense of death and hell is coffins of black (12). The chimneysweeper uses this phrase to describe where the other chimneysweepers are locked in Toms dream, which is still filthy and almost suffocating. While these quotes and phrases observe and reveal the terrible conditions that these children are donjon in, the chimneysweeper in the Experience poem reasons why he is quick in those conditions by blaming his parents.This comparison makes evident the different perspectives from each poem. Hints of hope are first revealed in the Innocence poem where Blake uses the childs sarcasm to show that in moments of darkness and unhappiness there is still space for optimism so as not to suffer so much. This is revealed when the chimneysweeper reassures Tom to neer mind it, for when your heads bare/You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair (7-8). In a way this would make Tom feel hopeful because with a bare head, the soot cannot ruin his hair.But in a metaphorical sense, it implies that darkness (the soot) will not prevail over everything, which gives one hope. What follows this sense of hope is Toms description of his dream And by came an Angel who had a bright key/And he opend the coffins & set them all free/ and then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run/And wash in a river, and shine in the Sun/Then naked and white, all their bags left behind/They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind. (13-18) This stanza contains numerous amounts of words and phrases that all give a positive connotation of hope, freedom, warmth, and happiness. row such as Angel, bright key, laughing, Sun, and white give off a feeling that is too good to be true, whic h explains why it is a dream in the first place. But that hope and happiness is so strong that when Tom awakes, he continues his work happily. This utopian perspective clearly shows the innocence of these children, while the child in the poem of Experience has no sense of hope because he is aware of the reality he is living in. While the children in the Innocence poem use religious words and phrases to give them something to look forward to, the child in the Experience poem condemns righteousness.Blake shows how religion is used to almost condone the treatment and conditions of these chimneysweepers when he writes, And the Angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy/Hed produce matinee idol for his father and never want joy (19-20). This quote implies that obedience and sticking to your duties will bring happiness in the afterlife. The same thing is implied when the chimneysweeper says, So if all do their duty they need not fear harm (24). In other words, as long as these chimneysweeper s continue with their sorry work while refraining from complaints, they will be happy and will be rewarded in the afterlife for their good behavior.This mentality seems to convince the children that it is acceptable live in these horrible conditions because they will be rewarded once they pass. In contrast, the child in the Experience poem does not see the afterlife or God as something or someone to look forward to because he blames God for the position he is in. He mocks God by saying, And are gone to praise God and his Priest and King/Who make up a heaven of our misery (11-12). The childs parents are praying in the church and believe that they have not caused their child any injury.In this case, it is the parents that are condoning the brutal life of their child. This major difference between the both poems is important because it reveals how differently each child views the military position they are in as chimneysweepers. Blakes use of word diction and imagery in the poem of Innocence and in the poem of Experience differentiates the two opposing perspectives of each poem. Because the Innocence poem transitions from darkness and hopelessness to freedom and hopefulness, my understanding of this poem is extremely different from the other.It is clear that the chimneysweeper in the Experience poem is aware that he is the victim therefore, his feelings of sadness and despair block him from seeing any hope. Instead, he blames God and his parents for the life he lives. In contrast, I am given the sense that the chimneysweeper in the Innocence poem is completely oblivious to the fact that he is a victim, and therefore it is easier for him to see the well-heeled in the darkest moments in this sense he is still innocent of any hard feelings towards his father or God.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X: Whose Philosofy Made Most Sense Essay

Martin Luther king, Jr and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in diametric environments. King was raised in a lower-middle-class family where education was important, and Malcolm X came from a family of low class He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and became who he is on his own. Martin Luther King was natural into a good family. Despite segregation, Martin Luther Kings parents tried everything so that he could be and happy. He was a smart student and passed the enterance exam to Morehouse University at the age of 15.Malcolm X was was raised in a completely different place than King, an a place of and kindle. Becaue of the burning of his house his father died. His mother past suffered a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. After his mother had a mental breakdown, the he was placed in foster homes. Malcolm Xs anger was increased as he went through integrated schooling. he was driven by hate and a desire for revenge. he decided to drop issue of school and move to Boston with his half sister. Because of the life that Malcolm X and Martin Luther King lived was responsible for the distinct different responses to American racism.Both men were important to the African-American culture and had a great influence on nigrify Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X. He believed that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments blacks were equal to someday achieve full equality with discolors. Because Malcolm Xs life was based on angry belief he thought that equality was unaccepted because whites had evil. King basically adopted on a more peacefull philosophy that thought that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace, but Malcolm X promoted nationalist and separatist doctrines.For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force blacks and white wuld be equal and live in a erupt inviorment. Education was also important. Blacks and whites. they where segregated and the conditions in sertain schools where not good. King knew that black mountain werent completing high school as much as white people. Malcolm x also was intersted in desegregated education, and stoping segregation in schools. They wanted schools to be equal and they both worked hard trying to break it.Malcolm x and martin luther king had different views on economics. One thing that martin luther king thought that black people should do is black people should try to go to protest for their belives. Malcolm x belived that if black people where to defeat with rage. The white people would give blacks what they deserved. Martin Luther king and Malcolm X both had different views on how america should be and people also truism them as two different people but they both had the same target. That target was to make blacks and whites free and equal.Even though Malcolm X belived in violence in order to get his way for the people he tired of(p)e a huge in america. So did Martin Luther king. He wanted people to demonstrate peace and Non-violence in order to get equality. In conclution, whose philosophy did make the most sense for America in 1960s? Well martin luther kings philosophy mad more sense because he wanted to bring peace to the people, he was fair to all white and black people, and he connected more with the people since he belived in Cristian religion.

An oral history of the zombie war Essay

Though perhaps not as academic as the separate sources in this bibliography, the oral narration of the zombie war is an important side note to the whole genre. In Brooks book, there are several moments, fleck recounting the battles with the zombies, where they are told from the point of picture of the liberators. In fact, in his story, he coins the phrase LAMOE which stands Last men on earth. These individuals, much like the percentage played by will smith, had been left behind, the infected zones to fend for themselves.Often, as the story is told, these people left behind, were not all too happy to be liberated, as they had conditioned themselves to the isolation of being, and believing they were the last people on earth. In this sense, the film version and incidentally the book, deal with these concepts from the point of view of the isolated but, what if they were to be told from the point of view of the liberators? Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces Princeton P rinceton University Press, 1949. Joseph Campbells book, is an overview of legends and the masks our heroes wear.Both in the film version and the book version of I Am Legend, the Robert Neville character must go through various trials which, ultimately in the film version, leads to his transformation from this plane of existence to another. (Mainly, by dying) The first trial, is impartial isolation, which Campbell explicitly describes as one of the most common trails of mythology. Additionally, in the film, the primary(prenominal) character exhibits a certain arrogance, which ultimately turns around on him. I. E the way of life he had caught the other zombie, the trick sort to speak, was used against him later in the movie.Giglioli, Palo Pier. Language and Social Context. New York Penguin. 1972. It should be of note the original book scripted by Matheson, had a lead character who was white whereas the film version cast the lead character as black. Setting aside the box-office appe al of Will Smith for a moment, what were some of the other reasons for the change of race? Could the film be taken as an remark of the plight of successful African-Americans, being isolated, though working desperately to help their friends, family and peer group?If the film is viewed in this light, one could most accurately argue that it is in fact a commentary on racial issues within a particular racial group. Hellekson, Karen Ph. D. The alternate history (Refiguring Historical Time). Kent Kent State University Press, 2001. Through out her review of the alternate history genera of story telling, Karen Hellekson, makes not of the function of the story being told. If one were to keep her same method of criticism to the movie version of I AM Legend, we would specify that it too is an alternate history.Obviously, fictions, the film I Am Legend, begins with the initial out-break, due to the cancer fighting drug. Although, this is told in a present narrative, the inclusion, of these s cenes are to create an slushy history in the storys time line. Matheson, Richard. I AM LEGEND London Orion Books, 1954. Naturally, the movie version starring Will Smith is radically divergent from the original book published in 1954. An example of one such divergence, is in the role of the main character.In the original works, the main character, was a former Marine, whereas in the film version, he is a current Marine working with the CDC. Another divergence, which actually changes the nature of the title, is found at the expiry of both the book and the film. In the film version, the main character becomes legendary, due to how he dies whereas the book version, Robert Neville, is legendary due to him being the last non-infected human or in essence the last man on earth. Twain, Mark. On the Damned Human Race A collection of Essays Edited by Janet Smith.1962. An argument could be made that both the film and the original fiction, had been a commentary on the human condition, the huma n race. Twins wit and insight into the social conditions apply aptly to both the film version and the book. The fact Robert Neville takes it upon himself to cure the institution is manifestly anti-twian-ian. it is the ghost, of fool-hardy chivalry as Twain would say, about the lengths the character goes to rid the world of something, that it seems more than happy to live with.

Pangloss and Martin: Fate and Reality

As far as my simple self could deduce from Voltaires Candide, Pangloss and Martin atomic number 18 as different as they are wise when it comes to the brightness or, in Martins case, the darkness with which they view the world. Pangloss is simply a piece of music of knowing and has put much thought Into his philosophy that everything Is for the best In the personal as well as the moral universe and nothing could be otherwise Quite the optimist, he went close to life accepting things the way they were, putting up little fight nd attributing everything to the will of God or whatever higher power runs this universe (fate). Id Ilke to think that Pangloss even looked forward to vivification life, gathering experiences even If they werent exactly Ideal. Martin on the other hand, finds life very depressing what with having no maven to love and nothing to look forward to he sees no goodness in his fellow man and no happiness in any situation and often expresses exasperation with life.T he Interesting thing about him however Is that he carries still this energy, an angry passion if you will. o live as well as he can (i. e. Martin decides to hang around with Candide because he has nothing to his name while Candide is flowing with riches and people treat the rich much split than those who have none) hes actually a dark magnetic declination of a realist, I think. Personally, find Martin to be a much better companion to be with for sort of than Just placidly allow things to run way they do, he decides to take action and make things better in spite of his supposedly being fed up with the way the universe is.

Individual’s knowledge of cats Essay

An individuals knowledge ab come out(predicate) frames may come from galore(postnominal) different places. The basics for psyches knowledge about cats may have started when they were a child. If they had a bad experience with a cat whence they might claim to know that each(prenominal) cats are mean. This could make them believe that cats are mean even though they only had one experience. If they had a cat of their own and loved it very much and then they might claim to know that cats are engaging creatures. Another example of us constructing our knowledge of cats is by how we choose our religion. If I decide to worship cats then to me I know that cats are holy.This in addition brings up the debate that religion is not only a personal choice but also a type of definition. If my religion tells me that cats are holy then that is acquired knowledge and then I am simply recognizing it to be knowledge. Other definitions about cats are scientific experiments that spate on them. I f cats are turn out to have a certain disease then flock could say the cats carry disease and be making a valid knowledge claim.This shows that knowledge about cats is n either totally constructed by us nor completely acquired. You can never know everything about cats because experiences, freshly discoveries, and different emotions can cause you to know something new about them. It shows that depending on the experiences we have and how we perceive study can affect what we think we know about cats. What I know about cats maybe be different from someone else. This is not necessarily because I know more or less than someone else does but I might have a different perception of the cats than someone else does.Sometimes people have a bad experience once and then use that experience to catch out any other knowledge. No matter how irrational that may be, people can convince themselves that because they had a bad experience, it means all cats are bad. When this happens, people can forg et to look at all the ways of knowing something. They could stop believing in their religion or deny scientifically proven facts. In this regard we choose what our knowledge is, even if there is more information that could be considered. It also works in the opposite direction. People could choose to be completely scientific about cats and block out any knowledge having to do with emotion or experiences having to do with cats.Either of these ways of opinion changes what people think they know but it also shows how by talking to someone about cats does not necessarily give you facts about cats. It only gives you the perception of cats from the other person. Unfortunately, most information about cats comes from either something people have written or from inside someones head. Therefor it is up to us to decide what we believe to be knowledge and what to be opinion.

Promote Equality & Inclusion Essay

Explain what is meant by transformation alteration direction differences between individuals check to their nationality, age, culture, ability, race, sexual preference and religion Equality Equality means fairness and justness of individual proficients, giving choices and opportunities in respect of individual consumes inclusion Inclusion means involving anybody, empowering individuals, encouraging choice and providing opportunities according to need What ar the potential effects of discrimination on individuals Discrimination could potenti eachy damage a dish out users self-esteem and their ability to develop and maintain a sense of their own identity How would you challenge discrimination if you discovered it in your care setting If I discovered discriminatory behaviour, I would question the mortal discriminating against the service user and suggest slipway in which the service user could be included in the activity. If this did not work, I know how to enshroud my conc erns and trust my manager to review and develop policies and procedures accordingly. How does inclusive practice Promote compare If you are including the per male child in whatever you are doing, you are treating them as a person, a unique world and not letting their disability preclude them from joining in with every activity that they are able to do, in spite of appearance their capabilities. Support mutation Allow people to be individuals and value their differences.Activity 2 (2.1, 2.2,) For each of the terms below Equality Diversity Discrimination Name the legislation that relates to this subject All of the above are now covered by the Equality Act which came into extort on the 1st of October 2010. This combines lots of develop pieces of legislation into one single Act and provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and promote equality of fortune for all. They are also covered by the Human Rights Act 1998, most provisions of which came into force on 2 October 2000. This guarantees the following rights The right to life. The right to exemption from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The right to freedom from slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour. The right to liberty and protective cover of person. The right to a fair and public trial within a reasonable time. The right to freedom from retrospective criminal law and no punishment without law. The right to respect for private andfamily life, home and correspondence. The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. The right to freedom of expression.The right to freedom of assembly and association. The right to marry and constitute a family. The prohibition of discrimination in the enjoyment of convention rights. The right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions and breastplate of property. The right of access to an education. The right of free elections. The right not to be subjected to the death penalty. Identify the regulation of p ractice that covers this area The Code of Practice for Health and Social Care Workers covers this area, the principles of which are Commitment to equality, variation and human rights values. Promoting equality, diversity and human rights in decision making. Advancement of equality, diversity and human rights. Monitoring equality, diversity and human rights performance. Commitment to equal access and open standards. Give an example from your organisational policy of how you apply the enrol in practice We do not have a specific Policy on Equality, Diversity or Discrimination, but the principles of these are embedded in all our Policies and Procedures.For example, our Policy on Maintaining hiding and self-worth recognises that most interactions between employees and their service users demonstrate some form of dependence upon the employee, obligations exist therefore to get word that a code of conduct is observed which ensures that all actions undertaken are the express wishes of the service user are conducted in such a way that the service user does not feel undervalued or little protect privacy and dignity promote respect between the employee and the service user Service users Rights must(prenominal) be respected at all times. Service users have the right to Have their needs mightily assessed and to have those needs met on a consistent nucleotide, and to a defined level of quality rule written information about the care they are receiving, together with its cost Exercise an appropriate spot of control over their lives Make informed choices and take decisions Make a complaint about every aspect of the service they are receiving Receive care, attention and services on an equal basis with all opposites Be protected from any abuse or conduct which is detrimental to their well-being and health Privacy Be treated in a manner which promotes dignity, well-being and understanding. Our Policy states that We will make every effort to ensure that the rights def ined above are met on a consistent basis, that employees are adequately trained in, for example,Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA), and will include representative Quality Statements in its Quality federal agency Programme.Our Handover Policy states that all records will be factual, accurate, jargon-free and non-judgemental in their reporting. How does it affect your work role We look at the client as an individual and do not treat her any differently to any other person. We will also protect her from discrimination by others according to the principles outlined in the Human Rights Act. campaign Study Using the following situation, describe how you would put the service users interests at the centre of care. A service user has recently been admitted to the care home where you work. She originates from Bangladesh, but has lived locally with her son and his wife for several years. She does not speak or understand much English, as she has never felt the need or had the opportunit y to learn the language. She is in the early stages of dementia, and is unable to understand what is happening to her. She lacks awareness of why she fecesnot live with her son any more. He feels he stop no longer cope with her at his house and feels guilt-ridden because she is now in a residential home. His cultural background is one where there is an expectation on the oldest son to look after his family, which he is unable to fulfil. He comes on a regular basis to see his mother, but when he is not there she will not eat, drink or let anyone do anything for her.How can you ensure that She is not discriminated against She is treated equally All her needs are met I would treat her the same as everyone else, so that she does not feel discriminated against. In the above scenario, it would be fundamental to learn some key words in her own language to help her to understand what is being requested of her so that she does not feel so isolated. We would need to ensure that her needs are met according to her cultural background, this may involve asking for help from her family to ascertain what support is required and how staff can make her feel more at home and also to find out if she has a token faith and maybe invite the faith leader and members of the congregation to spend some time with her.We would need to make sure that she still has full access to her family. If there is a member of staff that she can relate to, ensure that she has some time with her. Ask the family to attend as often as operable and maybe invite some of her friends in to spend some time with her. Ascertain whether she has any darling foods that she will eat. Try to involve herin the activities of the home and ensure she is included, whilst recognising that she is different ensure she has the same opportunities as everyone else.

How Has The Automobile Shaped American Culture Essay

Vehicles of all(prenominal)(a) sorts have dominated the roads of America in all phases of chronicle. From its early invention till further sophistication, it has been the most convenient means of transport for the common man. With the transportation of time this invention made life easier and augmented to bring freedom to all Americans fashioning it a liberal country. The objective of writing this composing is to provide a comprehensive skand so forth of the automotive history in America. What advancements and upheavals were faced by the American automotive industry and how with deep thought, deliberation and insight, all the problems were resolved.The paper discusses how in different phases of various social and economic ups and downs influenced automotive history the luxuriousness and prestige turn to be a necessity for ordinary Americans. History of American automobile The first car The maiden car on American boulevards was a horse buggy with a lone cylinder locomotive ma nufactured by Charles and Frank Duryea in 1923.Within few years autos came out of the typical vehicular animal autos and gradually took the form of modern vehicles we see today. o be exact, with a multi cylinder railway locomotive in obverse, clutch and transmission on the bottom floor, shaft drive, leaf springs, brakes, wheel & gear connections, tires etc. (Michael, 146). Despite these advancements there were some unsettled challenges, as in tires would blow on speed any now and then. Petrol was more like kerosene oil, and lubricant akin to adhesives. Driving in mothy weather was virtually impractical. Other spare parts made of steel would repeatedly break and eliminate journey. The electric cars which were recommended for ladies had heavy clutches fashioning the drive very difficult.Engine protection needed invariant care. A lot of parts required regular replacements making automobiles like playthings for the rich in that era, making it a luxury to the common man. henrys T m odel In 1920s, Henry fords T model revolutionalized and added a graybackstone in the alone automobile industry. He did non invent the motor car however, but used an assembly line technique which was affordable to all. During mid(prenominal) 1990s his Ford Company manufactured more than fifteen million model T cars. Thus, Henry altered the social and economic outlook of not only US but of the whole world. here was a car that merged the pits motorized blunders of its manufacturers and yet it was a breakthrough in the history of automobiles. It was abominable to see garbage piles filled with endless filthy lot of interchangeable pieces which anyone could bolt in concert to upkeep his T model onto the streets indefinitely. Literally, Ford brought America on its steering helm (Brown, 55). Engineers cant forget 1930s when two major improvements were brought in the ride quality of American cars. Engines were brought between the anterior two wheels.This helped the car to be spacious f or more passengers and engine weight was put forward making the drive easier. As a result the car could bounce less and kept floating instead. Thus, it sour out to act like an American family car also as a result of changes in structure and style. Another boost came in automobile industry in the form of first full automatic transmission in 1939. All that the driver had to do was leave the shift lever in drive and keep going. After world war two such automatic cars burgeoned everywhere on streets.Gradually these cars were logical by majority of families since it became much easier to drive for every member of the family. Consequently, quite a little of all ages were seen driving due to the automatic system in cars. pot turned more independent and sport seeking since they started owning personal cars which became symbols of prestige during those days. As they say that nothing is constant except change, things keep evolving and advancements pave their way with some wild developme nts. Family automobiles kept evolving with additional amenities such as air-conditioning, business leader windows, and power seats, automatic headlight dimmers etc.Ride turned to be smoother and silence thus livery more convenience for those availing the facility. All of a sudden, the federal government intervened in car manufacturing and the circumstances changed from mid-seventies. they ordered companies how to make cars in order to curb exhaust emissions affecting the environment causing pollution, and new guard duty measures were introduced to contain highway crashes which were occurring as a result of new cars on streets etc. these regulations came so loyal that engineers hadnt yet kept a track of them and new issues started popping up (Michael, 123).Effects of Arab crude oil Embargo in 1973 With this trend came other unforeseen concerns like Arab Oil Embargo in 1973. The absolute structure of auto fabric changed over iniquity. Long run planning was not viable. Petrol pr ices were increasing manifolds & gripped the whole nation in a mode of inflation worst after the great depression of 1930. This censor was declared by Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OAPEC (comprising the Arab members of OPEC, including Egypt, Syria and Tunisia). This was due to Americas determination to resupply forces to Israeli military during Yum Kipur war.The stocks were crashing, wad were in panic but there was no way out. Until neighboring year in 1974 when the embargo was lifted when Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had reached a deal to eviscerate Israeli forces from parts of Sinai & Golan Heights in Middle East (Richard). In addition, to meet federal standards engine modifications were taking place hurting peoples purposes like anything deteriorating the economy. In the upcoming years during 1970s American automotive designs were in total unruliness and bedlam.On the other hand, Detroit has incorporated conventional American luxury and gadg etry into undersized and lighter cars meeting governmental regulations & promotion pre-requisites. Effects of automobile on American lives Automobiles have brought more independence and freedom to the lives of people. With further advancements cars are no more a luxury but a necessity. Almost every other household in America holds a car. People are availing less, the facility of mass transit system. Additionally, families can go on outings and stay late night outside home for recreation and entertainment.Thus, it has given reality to the concept of family vacation. Automatic cars have brought a heft up in the number of drivers belonging to different age groups as a result under vulcanised enthusiasts have come onto roads. They go with friends for fun and distances between relations have shrunk. The modern autos have brought people closer and increased personal bonds. Americans are also becoming fond of car racing and chouse to see speed competitions on shores which have impelled companies to invest on auto racers who are capitalizing on this profession (Brain). Apart from convenience & comfort, auto craze has led to accidents, social isolation, environmental and noise pollution. unload parking spaces are installed around d restaurant, shopping centers, commercial buildings etc, which encourages people to drive even for shorter distances. Thus, it resulted in reduction of sidewalks near crowded places endangering the common pedestrians. Moreover, estimates report that an ordinary American car emits approx 3. 4 grams per mile of carbon monoxide which is really dangerous for environment and its habitat. The annexure of roads has produced a cutback of forest areas disturbing ecological rest (Brain).This is augmenting to global climate change and endangering wildlife. Excessive construction of roads has resulted in surface runoff alteration, which in turn increases the risk of flooding. Social scientists say that automotives have also disconnected communities and increased individualism. Many people dont even labor to walk or exercise up to their neighbors unless something very pressing occurs. In 1990s many songs were written with cars as their main subjects. Drive through and drive in facilities has made people fond of junk food. Eating without laboring to get out of the car helps striving laziness and obesity.Therefore obesity is increasing in American culture which may lead to diabetes, pump attack and other fatal diseases. Conclusion Not only Americans but entire world cannot reckon a life without automobiles or vehicles. Though autos are facilitating our lives in a number of ways, nevertheless its detriments outbalance the benefits. Accidents, environmental threats, pollution, individualism and other side effects are such which cannot be overlooked. So, lets hope for further improvements which would contain these harms and bring more benefits to American citizens without restraining their idea of freedom.

Employee retention Essay

1. INTRODUCTIONIn these changing sentences both the employee & employer argon under tremendous pressure to perform. There is fierce competition non only in the industry scarce also crossways categories. This incumbent liberalized cutting edge technology driven environment has made employee memory mind-boggling. The fast pacing change across the globe has made the new employee & employer similarityship irreversible. However each(prenominal) corporations not only in IT sector entirely also traditional manufacturing sector be attempting to foundation attrition. This paper attempts to unravel this paradox & accept the various facts that surround this burning issue. There argon umteen tactics and strategies utilization to bear employees in brasss. The basic purpose of these strategies is to increase employees gladness, boost employee morale, and deliver the sizeables memory. Some measures, safekeeping strategies atomic number 18 not used strait-lacedly and wrong r etention strategies argon used. As a result of this, these strategies fail to achieve the desired results.There are costs associated with employee knock over all(prenominal)place. The impact of employee turnover on shapings is that it often engenders far- orbit consequences and may jeopardize efforts to attain organizational objectives (Hill and Jones, 2001). In addition, Hill and Jones (2001) indicated that when an organization loses a little employee, there is a negative impact on innovation, consistency in providing at feed may be jeopardized, and major delays in the delivery of services to clients may occur. A decline in the standard of service could also adversely affect the satisfaction of internal and external customers and consequently, the profitability of the organization. It is for these reasons that the paper sought to measure step to the fore retention strategies in organizations and how they affect operationers performance. Let us see what Employee Retention u sed to meanThis entails catch just a little history. The term employee retention first began to appear with regularity on the worry scene in the 1970s and early 80s. Until then, during the early and mid-1900s, the essence of the relationship among employer and employee had been (by and large) a line of the status quo You save inter program wrick for me, do a good personal credit line, and, so long as stinting conditions mendlyow, I entirelyow continue to employ you. Itwas not unusual for people who entered the job market as late as the 1950s and 60s to remain with one employer for a very long time virtu eitherytimes for the duration of their makeing life. If they changed jobs, it was usually a major rush and life decision, and someone who made legion(predicate) and frequent job changes was seen as somewhat out of the ordinary.What is Employee Retention?Employee retention refers to the various policies and practices which let the employees rag to an organization for a longstanding accomplishment of time. Every organization invests time and currency to groom a new joinee, make him a corporate ready material and strike him at par with the lively employees. The organization is completely at loss when the employees earmark their job once they are fully trained. Employee retention unsays into account the various measures taken so that an individual plosive consonants in an organization for the maximum period of time. The human pick of an organization consists of commission and employees.Human resources are advert assets to organizations. Employees fuddle to be do to stay in an organization. When employee retention strategies function properly, they increase the commitment of employees towards organizational final stages. Thus, if the commitment of employees is won by management through employee retention strategies, it increases job satisfaction, motivates employees to proceeding hard as well as encourages cookers to stay in their o rganization. Hence, employees get out be well-to-do with their job and be motivated to go bad hard, thereby jumper cable to remedyd employee performance. Improvement in employee performance leads to achievement of organizational goals.1.1. LITERATURE REVIEWWilliams and Dreher (1992), wages is the key factor influence in the employee attraction and retention, and play essential role in the recruitment process. Highhouse et al, (1999) exhort that only pay is not sufficient to retain the employees. He argues that low pay package exit drive workers out the organization only it is not necessary that high pay package bring and keep the workers in the organization. Ultimately, the workers stay in theorganization due to some others factors i.e. work environment, co-workers behaviour and supervisor keep going etc. which compel the employee to retain in the organization.According to Osteraker (1999), the employee satisfaction and retention are considered the Cornerstone for victo ry of organization. Past study divided it into cordial, mental or physical Dimension. The grouping is based on friendly contacts at works, characteristics of the work task or the physical and material heap associated with work. The retention factors of the mental dimension are work characteristics, employees are retaining by flexible tasks where they seat use their knowledge and see the results of their efforts. The social dimension refers to the contact employees bedevil with other people, both internal and external. The physical dimension consists of working conditions and pay. rank to retain employees the organization need to gain information somewhat the dynamics that characterized the motivation to work.According to metalworker (2001) money bring the workers in the organization just now not necessary to keep them. According to Ashby and Pell money satisfies the employee but it is not sufficient to retain the employee means it is insufficient factor. Money is not consi dered as first retention factor (Brannick, 1999). Many organization implement very good employees retention strategy without pass high accept or pay based retention strategy (Pfeffer, 1998). In much(prenominal) circumstances a wide number of factors are seems for triple-crown retention of employees. The existence of other retention factors give the bouncenot be ignored.Kehr (2004), explains that the implicit retention factors in spontaneous, expressive and pleasurable behaviour and can be divided into three variables power, achievement and affiliation. Power refers to dominance and social control. Achievement is when personal standards of excellence are to be met or exceeded and affiliation refers to social relationships which are established and intensified. Implicit and explicit retention factors relate to divers(prenominal) aspects of the person, but both are important determinants of behaviourThompson and Prottas (2005) examined the relationship between employee turnove r intention and organization bear out such as supervisor support, flex time work family culture and co-worker support etc, and they shut that organization support get overd the employee turnover intention.Pasewark and Viator (2006) places flexible work arrangement as an very important part of work family support that plays pivotal rule in the retention of employees.Ihsan and Naeem (2009), indicated that Pharmaceutical sales extract rated pay and fringe benefits as the more or less important retention factor which is supported by the findings of historic studies In addition, it indicate that pay and fringe benefits is highly valued by the sales force of all demographic Backgrounds. Its possible explanation could be that pays and fringe benefits change salespersons to fulfil their physiological as well as esteem needs. Thus, critical review of the legitimate incentive schemes is required to make them more than effective to cater to needs of the sales in both multi subject and local pharmaceutical companies to retain their talent workers.Yanadoria and Katob (2010) investigated the family support effects at workplace and concluded the statistical importance of relationship between work family support and employee retention, the recent research recognize that existence of family support within the organization reduce the turnover intention and help the retention of talented employees in the organization.According to BC Jobs, in a tidy sum commissioned by their partnership, only two percent of executives said employees leave because of lifestyle changes, such as relocation. When top performers start jumping ship, its well-nigh often for professional, not personal, reasons. In another(prenominal) discipline commissioned by the same smart set, executives said that good employees leave primarily because of limited opportunities for proficiency (39 percent), unhappiness with management (23 percent) and lack of recognition (17 percent) (BJ JOBS, 2012).Empl oyee retention techniques go a long way in motivating the employees for them to enjoy their work and avoid changing jobs frequently.Why do Employees Leave?Research says that most of the employees leave an organization out of frustration and constant friction with their superiors or other police squad out produces. In some cases low salary, lack of growth prospects and motivation compel an employee to look for a change. The management mustiness try its level outgo to retain those employees who are really important for the body and are cognize to be effective contributors. It is the responsibility of the line managers as well as the management to ensure that the employees are thriving with their roles and responsibilities and the job is offering them a new challenge and learning every day.Let us understand the concept of employee retention with the help of an example Manisha was a talented employee who delivered her best and completed all her work within the desired time fram e. Her work lacked errors and was always found to be innovational and mentation provoking. She never interfered in anybody elses work and stayed away from unnecessary gossips and rumours. She avoided loitering around at the workplace, was serious about her work and no doubts her performance was always appreciable. Kumar, her immediate boss never really analogousd Manisha and considered her as his biggest threat at the workplace. He left no stone unturned to insult and demotivate Manisha. Soon, Manisha got fed up with Kumar and decided to move on.Situation 1 The HR did not make any efforts to retain Manisha and recognised her resignation. Situation 2 The HR immediately intervened and discussed the several issues which prompted Manisha to think for a change. They tried their level best to convince Manisha and even appointed a new boss to make the things best(p) for her. Situation 1 would most likely leave the organization in the lurch. It is not easy to find an employee who gels well with the system and understands the work. Hiring an employee, training him and making him fit to work in an organization incur huge costs and therefore sincere efforts must be made to retain the employee. Every problem has asolution and the management must probe into the exact reasons of an employees displeasure. Employees sticking to an organization for a longer time tend to know the organization better and develop a sapiditying of attachment towards it. The employees who stay for a longer duration are familiar with the company policies, guidelines as well as rules and regulations and thus can brook more effectively than individuals who come and go.10 important factors that can impact employee retention in the organizationShorten the feedback loop- Do not wait for an annual performance review or evaluation to come due to give feedback on how an employee is performing. Most team members enjoy frequent feedback about how they are performing. reduce the feedback loop go awa y help to keep performance levels high and will reinforce positive behavior. Feedback does not necessarily need to be scheduled or highly structured simply stopping by a team members desk and letting them know they are doing a good job on a current project can do wonders for employee morale and help to increase retention. brook a competitive compensation package- Any team member necessitys to feel that he or she is beingness paid appropriately and fairly for the work he or she does. Be sure to research what other companies and organizations are offering in terms of salary and benefits. It is also important to research what the regional and national compensation averages are for that particular position. You can be sure that if your compensation package is not competitive, team members will find this out and look for employers who are willing to offer more competitive compensation packages.Balance work and personal life- family is incredibly important to team members. When work be gins to put a hearty strain on ones family no amount of money will keep an employee around. accent the importance of balancing work and ones personal life. Small gestures such as allowing a team member to take an extended lunch once a week to watch his sons baseball game will likely be repaid with loyalty and extended employment with an organization. heed of burnout- staff adequately to reduce the amount of unwanted overtime a team member must work. Some employees enjoy the extra money that accompanies overtime hours, plot others would rather spend their time with theirfamilies or doing other activities they enjoy.Burnout can be a leading cause of turnover. Recognize the warning signs and give employees a break when they need it. Provide opportunities for professional cultivation and growth offer opportunities for team members to acquire new skills and knowledge useful to the organization. If an employee appears to be bored or burned out in a current position offer to train th is individual in another facet of the organization where he or she would be a good fit. Nobody wants to feel stuck in their position will no guess for advancement or new opportunities.The ability to provide input and be taken seriously everybody has opinions and ideas, some are better than others. However every team member wants to feel that their input is welcome and will be taken seriously without ridicule or condescension. Some of the superior ideas can come from the most unlikely of places and people. Creating a culture where input is welcome from all level of the organizational chart will help your organization grow and encourage long term employee retention. Management must take the time to get to know team members- its not a big surprise that one of the greatest complaints that employees express in exit interviews is a feeling that management didnt know they existed. Nobody wants to feel like just another spoke in a big wheel. Managers are very lodge in everybody is busy , but it is crucial that managers and supervisors take the time get to know the team members who work under them. take in and remember a team members name, what skills and talents they bring to the table, and what their business interests are. The time spent by management getting to know team members is well invested and can eliminate the headaches caused by having to continually hire and re-train new employees. Provide the tools and training an employee needs to succeed- nothing can be more frustrating to an employee than a lack of training or the proper tools to successfully complete his or her duties. You wouldnt try to image a house without a hammer, so why should an office job be any dissimilar? Providing a team member with the tools and training she needs to be successful shows a commitment and enthronisation in that employee and will encourage the team member to stay with the organization.Make use of a team members talents, skills, and abilities- all team members have kno wledge, skills, and abilities thatarent directly related to their job description, but are whitewash useful to an organization. Utilizing a team members talents in areas other than their current position will indicate to an employee that management appreciates and recognizes all that an employee has to offer to the organization. This can also provide work variety and helps to break up the everyday grind of work.Never threaten a team members job or income While threatening an employee with terminus or demotion might seem like a surefire way to get the results needed from him or her, doing so will likely cause the employee to leave the organization. Put yourself in the employees shoes, what is the first thing you would do if your job was threatened? Odds are you would probably update your resume and start checking for open job lineups expecting the worst. If a team members performance is not what you had hoped it would be, work with that team member on ways to improve his performa nce, saving termination only as a exit resort.The Advantages of Employee RetentionAcquiring TalentWhen organizations retain their employees, they avoid hiring costs. These are often hidden costs. The cost to post on job boards can be annual or a one-time expense. Agencies charge a percentage of an employees annual wages. Larger companies may have staffing departments whose sole responsibility is screening and interviewing talent. Other companies may assign this task to department heads or other individuals in the organization. The time an individual spends screening and reviewing resumes takes him away from his main job responsibilities. The hiring process is risky. Background checks, personality interrogatory and aptitude testing can predict a candidates capability, but there is still a risk.Training and DevelopmentRetaining workers reduces training costs. Recruits need to be trained in business practices special to the employers software, culture and office practices. Training requires one or more current employees to take time awayfrom their job responsibilities to educate the new employee on the organizations way of doing business. Two or more people are on the company payroll producing the results of one person. In the first 90 days, a new hire costs the company money. When companies retain employees, training dollars can be used to further develop the work force. Long-term associates have the experience to review what has worked before and apply that knowledge to future situations.Skilled Labour ForceEmployment retention develops a strong staff. meshing one by one or in teams these individuals share knowledge and expertise. The future managers of an organization come from this work pool. These employees are the historians of an organizations successes and challenges, and provide mentoring to new hires They are committed to the continued growth of the origination and its work force. These individuals have finessed the inner workings of an organizatio n. As they continue to develop their skills, the organization benefits.Impact on Customer receiptsEmployee retention has a positive impact on customer service. Turnover brings disruption in customer service, loss of business and possible negative business impacts. An organizations customer base expects ordered and reliable service. There is a learning curve with new hires and thus the potential for error or poor converse with a client. This can impact business relationships. Long-term employees develop relationships with customers. They know the clients preferences and can anticipate future needs. This knowledge develops over time.1.2. COMPANY PROFILEDr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd, is a pharmaceutical company based in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. The company was founded by Anji Reddy, who had previously worked in the publicly owned Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited, of Hyderabad, India. Dr. Reddys originally launched in 1984 producing active pharmaceutical ingredients. In 1986, Reddys started operations on branded formulations. at heart a year Reddys had launchedNorilet, the companys first recognized brand in India. Soon, Dr. Reddys obtained another success with Omez, its branded omeprazole ulcer and reflux oesophagi is medication launched at half the determine of other brands on the Indian market at that time. Within a year, Reddys became the first Indian company to export the active ingredients for pharmaceuticals to Europe. In 1987, Reddys started to transform itself from a supplier of pharmaceutical ingredients to other manufacturers into a manufacturer of pharmaceutical products. Dr. Reddys manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals in India and overseas.The company has over 190 medications, 60 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for medicine manufacture, diagnostic kits, critical care, and biotechnology products. Dr. Reddys began as a supplier to Indian drug manufacturers, but it soon started exporting to other less-reg ulated markets that had the advantage of not having to spend time and money on a manufacturing plant that would gain approval from a drug licensing body such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). By the early 1990s, the expanded descale and profitability from these unregulated markets enabled the company to begin focusing on getting approval from drug regulators for their formulations and muckle drug manufacturing plants in more-developed economies. This allowed their movement into regulated markets such as the US and Europe.By 2007, Dr. Reddys had sextuplet FDA plants producing active pharmaceutical ingredients in India and seven FDA-inspected and ISO 9001 (quality) and ISO 14001 (environmental management) certified plants making patient-ready medications five of them in India and two in the UK. In 2010, the family-controlled Dr Reddys denied that it was in talks to sell its generics business in India to US pharmaceutical monstrosity Pfizer, which had been suing the company for alleged patent infringement after Dr Reddys announced that it intended to produce a generic version of Atorvastatin, marketed by Pfizer as Lipitor, an anti-cholesterol medication. Reddys was already linked to UK pharmaceuticals multinational Glaxo Smithkline.VISIONTo manufacture a discovery ruled global pharmaceutical company with a core purpose of circumstances people lead healthier lives MISSIONTo be first Indian pharmaceutical company that successfully takes itsproducts from discovery to commercial launch globally VALUESIn pursuit of purpose of providing affordable and innovative medicines for healthier lives, Dr. Reddys will create an environment of innovation and learning while continually reaching for higher levels of excellence. Integrity and Transparency Dr. Reddys will uphold the highest standards of integrity and transparency in all their interactions. Safety Dr. Reddys are committed to providing safe working environments through continuous improvement of the ir infrastructure, work practices and behaviors.Quality Dr. Reddys are dedicated to designing quality into their products and processes to delight their stakeholders. Productivity Dr. Reddys strain to achieve more with less through a culture of innovation, continuous improvement and a uphold focus on elimination of waste. respectfulness for the Individual Dr. Reddys are committed to creating a work environment that encourages diverse perspectives and upholds the dignity of work and of individuals. Collaboration and Teamwork Dr. Reddys will leverage expertise and resources from across their global network to create greater value for their stakeholders. Sustainability Dr. Reddys will create value for all their stakeholders in a manner that respects their natural environment and serves the best interests of the communities in which they live and work. come on OF DIRECTORSDr. Reddys board of directors are experts in the diverse fields of medicine, chemistry and medical research, huma n resource development, business strategy, finance, and economics. They review all significant business decisions and committees appointed by the board focus on specific areas.WHOLE- beat DIRECTORSG.V. Prasad Chairman and chief executive officerSatish Reddy vice chairman and managing directorINDEPENDENT AND NON-WHOLE TIME DIRECTORS1. Dr. Omkar Goswami2. Mr. Ravi Bhoothalingam3. Mr. Anupam Puri4. Dr. J. P.Moreau5. Ms. Kalpana Morparia6. Dr. Bruce LA Carter7. Dr. Ashok Ganguly8. Mr. Sridhar IyengarBOARD COMMITTEESThere are seven board- level committees at Dr. Reddys, namely 1. Audit committal2. Nomination, Governance & Compensation Committee3. Risk Management Committee4. Science, Technology and Operations Committee5. Shareholders unfairness Committee6. Investment Committee7. Management CommitteeThe Management Council is the top tier of Dr. Reddys companys management structure. The management of Dr. Reddys has developed and implemented policies, procedures and practices that attemp t to translate our companys vision, mission and purpose into reality. The management also identifies, measures, monitors and controls the risks factors in the business and ensures safe, sound and efficient operation. The Management Council meets every quarter under the chairmanship of the CEO.Global employee strength of DR. REDDYSFig 1.2.1Employee turnoverTurnover Rate2008-092009-102010-112011-12 boilers suitIndia16.20%16.30%14.30%12.70%18.20%18.00%0.70%20.80%Fig 1.2.21.3. EMPLOYEE RETENTION AT DR. REDDYSDr. Reddys has dozens of individual and team-based awards that recognizes teamwork, innovation, institution-building, and social Dr. Reddys uses long structured coaching to encourage continual dialogue between managers and employees to enhance employee engagement. As well, the company has a formal system in which senior managers mentor employees and job mentors serve as mentors in plants.Respect for the Individual They are committed to creating a work environment that encourages di verse perspectives and upholds the dignity of work and of individuals.They have begun to have more presence at campuses, they have announced higher rewards for team members on successful referrals of women or differently able professionals to the organisation and they continue to encourage employees to pitch within the organisation to different domains and functions through internal job posting opportunities. One of the key attempts of the leadership at Dr. Reddys is to enable each one of their talented employees to see the cathedral they are helping to raise, and givethem a upset if they run into rough spots. Building this environment to inspire are several elements drawn from global HR experiences and the best of management intuition.Exit interviews Exit interviews are conducted with departing employees just before they leave. From the employers perspective, the primary bearing of the exit interview is to know the reasons for the persons departure, on the basis that criticism i s a steadying driver for organizational improvement. Good exit interviews should also yield useful information about the employer organization, to mensurate and improve all aspects of the working environment, culture, processes and systems, management and development, etc.2. OBJECTIVESTo find out the Factors that make employees retain in the organization for a long period of time. To know the reasons why employees move out of the organization How is Dr. Reddys putting efforts in understanding employees? What are the steps taken by the company to retain their employees? What are the important elements that an employee looks in an organization to work?3. SCOPEThe scope of this project was to focus on employee retention in DR. Reddys Laboratories CTO1 Bollaram, Hyderabad , India (pharmaceutical company). The scope is limited to R0 and R1 employees in the organization. The approx. number is 100. The sample size is 40 employees out of 100 R0 and R1 employees.LIMITATIONSNo proper inputs were provided by Dr. Reddys laboratories CTO1 management. Dr. Reddys has instead to limit the psyches in a questionnaire to 10. Duration for of the project was just two months.4. Research Methodology4.1. Research DesignIn this study where we translate a research problem into questionnaires, and then use the questionnaires to create entropy and also indicated that survey is a process of asking many people the same questions and examining their answers. Hence, respondents were asked the same questions. The aim of a survey is to obtain information which can be analyzed and comparisons made4.2. Sample SelectionThe target nation for the study was all employees working in DR. Reddys. The list of all the workers in the organizations served as the sampling frame. come in of the sampling frame, the sampling units were identified. The individual persons in the organizations such as R0 and R1 categories of employees were used as sampling units for the study. The study population was junio r and senior staffs DR. Reddys. The total number of employees in these categories is approximately 100. Out of the 100, 40 respondents were selected to specifically provide information that would be relevant to the study. The sample size was obtained by calculating 40% on the total population.4.3. Data CollectionMethods for Collecting Primary DataQuestionnaires were the tools used for collecting the primary data for the study. The questionnaires contained closed-ended questions. The questions focused on employees work satisfaction in the organization. Questionnaires and face to face interviews were effective methods used in collecting the primary data. Questionnaires were useful for the research since I could reach many respondents within a absolutely time. Moreover, the face-to-face interview also enabled me to observe the surroundings and nonverbal communication of respondents. The language that was used for the face-to-face interview was English, Hindi and Telugu.5. ANALYSIS AN D INTERPRETATION1. How long have you been active at Dr. Reddys?graphical record 5.1InterpretationAs per the respondents 0% of employees mentioned that they have been employed at Dr. Reddys for less than 1 year, 15% of employees mentioned that they have been employed at Dr. Reddys from 1-3 years, 30% of employees mentioned that they have been employed at Dr. Reddys from 3-5 years, 35% of employees mentioned that they have been employed at Dr. Reddys from 5-10 years and 20% of employees mentioned that they have been employed at Dr. Reddys for more than 10 years.2. What factors have influenced you to remain with Dr. Reddys? SCORE 3 as most preferred, 2 as second preferred and 1 s last preferred)Graph 5.2InterpretationAs we can see in the above graph, leadership (brand) has got majority score, which is actually retaining the employees in the organization. Benefit packages, working conditions and shift works are also motivate employees in a large scale to retain in DR. Reddys. Pay has g ot the lowest score as per the respondents i.e. 8.75%3. How satisfied are you with your line of achievement development within Dr. Reddys?Graph 5.3InterpretationAs per the respondents 0% of employees mentioned that they are dissatisfied with the career development at Dr. Reddys, 17.5% of employees mentioned that they are somewhat dissatisfied with the career development at Dr. Reddys, 27.5% of employees mentioned that they are neutral with the career development at Dr. Reddys, 70% of employees mentioned that they are satisfied with the career development at Dr. Reddys, 10% of employeesmentioned that they are very satisfied with the career development at Dr. ReddysRegarding the promotions and hikes within the organization, majority of the employees seem to be satisfied. This is a good sign, but still Dr Reddys laboratories ltd management need to work on this issue as this plays a vital role in retaing employees in the organization for a longer period of time4. What is your level of satisfaction with the attitude of teamwork within Dr. Reddys?Graph 5.4InterpretationAs per the respondents 32.5% of employees mentioned that they are neutral towards the level of satisfaction with the attitude of teamwork at Dr. Reddys, 67.5% of employees mentioned that they are satisfied with the level of satisfaction with the attitude of teamwork at Dr. Reddys and none of the employees choose the rest of the options i.e dissatisfied, somewhat dissatisfied and very satisfied.Most of the employees seem to be satisfied with their colleagues which will in turn reduces the internal conflicts between the employees.5. I feel that my contribution is regard and apprehended by the department.Graph 5.5InterpretationAs per the respondents 0% of employees mentioned that they powerfully dis keep that their contribution is respected and comprehended by the department, 0.05% of employees mentioned that they dis total that their contribution is respected and comprehended by the department, 42. 5% of employees mentioned that they are neutral that their contribution is respected and appreciated by the department, 47.5% of employees mentioned that they agree that theircontribution is respected and appreciated by the department and 0.05% of employees mentioned that they strongly agree that their contribution is respected and appreciated by the department.Approximately 50% here agree that their work is appreciated by the department which is a good sign. But Dr Reddys laboratories ltd needs to work more in this area to increase these figures in a positive way.6. I have a graspable production line for career advancement inside Dr. Reddys.Graph 5.6InterpretationAs per the respondents 0% of employees strongly disagree that they have a comprehensible course for career advancement inside Dr. Reddys, 20% of employees disagree that they have a comprehensible course for career advancement inside Dr. Reddys, 57.5% of employees are neutral that they have a comprehensible course for car eer advancement inside Dr. Reddys, 22.5% of employees agree that they have a comprehensible course for career advancement inside Dr. Reddys and 0% of employees strongly agree that they have a comprehensible course for career advancement inside Dr. ReddysComing to career development within the organization employees are not much satisfied and they are on a diplomatic side by answer neutral.7. The work load determined on personnel is fair and realistic.Graph 5.7InterpretationAs per the respondents 0% of employees strongly disagree that the workload placed on personnel is fair and realistic, 7.5% of employees disagree that the workload placed on personnel is fair and realistic, 17.5% of employees are neutral that the workload placed on personnel is fair and realistic, 52.5% of employees agree that the workload placed on personnel is fair andrealistic and 22.5% of employees strongly agree that the workload placed on personnel is fair and realistic.These figures tell us that Dr Reddys laboratories ltd is a friendly environment to work with, where there is no work pressure.8. Have you ever considered leaving Dr. Reddys?Graph 5.8InterpretationAs per the respondents 32.5% of employees mentioned that they considered leaving Dr. Reddys and 67.5% of employees mentioned that they never considered leaving Dr. Reddys.Its a good sign were approximately 70% of the employees are not considering to leave Dr Reddys laboratories ltd.9. If your answer was yes to the previous question what would be the reasons? Previous question (Have you ever considered leaving Dr. Reddys?)Graph 5.9InterpretationWe can notice as majority of the employees i.e. 48.75% of employees want to leave the organization for better pay and benefits. Better opportunities and relocation are also playing a vital role in employees leaving the organization. Only 6% of employees feel there is no proper communication in the organization.6. FINDINGSRetention is all about managing people. If an organization manages people well, employee retention will take care of itself. Organization should focus on managing the work environment to make a better use of human resources. Asper the survey, Dr Reddys laboratories ltd employees like to work where these are present.Appreciation for the work done by the employee.More opportunities to grow within in the organization.A friendly and cooperative environment between the employees. A feeling that the organization is second home to the employees.Findings regarding Dr. Reddys LaboratoriesEffective leadership is also motivating them to work with Dr. Reddys. Salaries are not up to the expectations of the employees in Dr. Reddys. Dr. Reddys is having an employee friendly environment. Where employees feel more comfortable while working. Dr. Reddys has cross-functional project teams, encourage employees to shift within the organization to different domains and internal job posting opportunities. Dr. Reddys SPEAK OUT program is a communication channel open to al l employees.The program is conducted every month by the Senior Managers of the respective locations encourages the employees to open up and discuss any issues be it professional or personal. Dr. Reddys REACH OUT program similar to speak out, which encourages employees to use toss off boxes to convey their suggestions, raise or highlight any issue which they may not be comfortable to come forward or if they wish to maintain anonymity. Dr. Reddys has a team-based award that recognizes teamwork which in turn motivates employees.7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSConclusionRetention has emerged as one of the dominant themes in management studies during the past decade. The goal of this report was to understand the reasons behind employees retention in the organization. The report attempts to provide the facts with a better understanding of employees and their needs. The employee demands such as good working conditions and having development opportunities are just two factors to be mentio ned. Dr. Reddys laboratories should have good communication, hiring management with stronghuman relation skills, providing growth opportunities and consulting with employees, formally and informally, will strengthen the bond with the organization, but will not guarantee their loyalty. Herzberg, through his motivation-hygiene theory suggests that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are produced by different work factors. What makes people unhappy is not what they do but how well they are treated.RecommendationsThough Dr Reddys laboratories ltd is doing a great job it can still improve its working conditions to have work satisfaction in the employees and to retain them for a longer period of time. Dr. Reddys management can provide support in the form of work-life balance. Work life balance includes fictile hoursAlternate work schedulesVacationsDr. Reddys management should give little more importance to the Career growth and development of the employee within the organization. A manager plays a role of a mentor, they are the ones who involve employees in the work. So they need to hire managers who can make and maintain good relations with their subordinates. Promoting team work will improve the relationship between employees. This can lead to good and healthy competition and relation between the employees. Management of Dr. Reddys can support employees by providing them recognition and appreciation.8. ANNEXURE1. How long have you been employed at DR.Reddys?1. Less than 1 year2. 1-3 years3. 3-5 years4. 5-10 years5. More than 10 years2. What factors have influenced you to remain with Dr. Reddys? ( SCORE 3 asmost preferred, 2 as second preferred and 1 s last preferred) 1. ___ Pay2. ___ Benefit Package (Health Insurance, ect.)3. ___ Promotional Opportunities4. ___ Work hours/Shift work5. ___ Loyalty to community6. ___ Team culture/peer relations7. ___ Working conditions( i.e. Safety)8. ___ leadership (Dr. Reddys only)9. ___ Training10. ___ Retirement plan11. _ __ Contribution to the Organization3. How Satisfied are you with your career development within Dr. Reddys? 1. Dissatisfied2. Somewhat Dissatisfied3. Neutral4. Satisfied5. genuinely Satisfied4. What is your level of satisfaction with the attitude of teamwork within Dr. Reddys? 1. Dissatisfied2. Somewhat Dissatisfied3. Neutral4. Satisfied5. Very Satisfied5. I feel that my contribution is respected and appreciated by the department. 1. potently dissent2. Disagree3. Neutral4. Agree5. Strongly Agree6. I have a comprehensible course for career advancement inside Dr. Reddys. 1. Strongly Disagree2. Disagree3. Neutral4. Agree5. Strongly Agree7. The workload placed on personnel is fair and realistic.1. Strongly Disagree2. Disagree3. Neutral4. Agree5. Strongly Agree8. Have you ever considered leaving Dr. Reddys?1. Yes2. No9. If your answer was yes to the previous question what would be the reasons? (SCORE 3 as most preferred, 2 as second preferred and 1 s last preferred)1. Pay and benefits ____2. Better opportunity ____3. Family reasons ____4. New challenges ____5. Relocation ____6. Leadership ____7. Poor or no communication ____8. Job security ____